


ITS 



d 



"VWJ, 





Chap.-',.'^-. Copyright No. 
SlielLX.:::-i' • 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



\ ■^i;ih: } i 



wr ' -.A * 



Helps 



IN 



History. 



♦•♦•^■iil^'i 



BY 



'm^- 



J. J. Bryant 



nm 



HELPS IN HISTORY, 



OR 



TTnited States Histor-y Outlines 
audi ]>I]iieirLoiiics. 

By ' • km 9 1i«* 

•T/ .T. Br^-anit, ^T. S.^ 

p resident gr^ant formal gnitersitt^ 

Stromsburg", Nebraska. 

Copyright, 1883, 1887, 1896. 

COLLEGE PKINT. 



K^ 



Helps in History. 



To Teacher and Pupil. 



HOW TO STUDY. 

Often much energ-y is wasted and time lost by the student 
because he does not know how to study. In history the student 
too often expects to remember all the first time he reads it, and, 
failinor, he becomes discouraged and exclaims "I don't like his- 
tory! I can't remember dates!" He doesn't realize that he 
must learn history as he did his favorite study, "a little at a 
time." The mind acquires that which is entirely new very 
slowly, often only after many repetitious, close analysis, critical 
How we observation, and long: and careful associations. 

Learn. Usually w^hat we think we learn so readily is 
what we have really known, probably in a dim way, for some 
time — "heard from our youth up," but some new sug-gfestion, or 
association of thought, has given it a new meaning- to us. We 
see new relations, have thought the object, discovered ourselves 
in the object, and it now has true life meaning and life potency 
in it. As well read several pages in algebra for the first timo 
and expect to remember the same and Le proficient in the use 
of the signs, etc., as to read fifteen or twenty pages of history, 
as new to you as the algebra, full of names and dates never 
heard before, and expect to remember all without further 
study. 

We should read history, at first, it is true, in a continuous 
way, as a connected whole, not by pieces, as unrelated events. 
Before taking up formal lessons, it is in order, then, to get a 
Bird's-Eye bird's-eye view of the subject, to see the whole 
View. before going into details. Our study should 
illuminate and bring out our country's history before the mind 
as a landscape at the foot of the hill on which we stand comes 
out more and more in detail under the dawning sun: at first the 
more prominent and imposing in outline, then the less and less 
prominent until the whole stands in the full light of the un- 
derstanding, and our souls feel the ecstacy occasioned by its 
imposing grandeur and magnificence. But how get this bird's- 
eye viewy By getting it in outline. The pupil ma^'^ give the 
whole history in a ten-miuute recitation, or it may be given in 
twenty minutes, or forty minuteci, or un hour, owing to tho 



Inteoduction. 



abridgruent of details. 
This story may be enlarged from day to day, and the unity 

still retained. If this brief history is presented by the teacher 
before books are taken up, it will be a great help to pupils to 
begin the study intelligently. Having the whole history in 
outline, tlie pupil should pass to a bird's-eye view of whatever 
he wishes to take up in detail. To do this read from the begin- 
ning to the close of the same at one sitting. Close your eyes 
and view the epoch as a whole till it stands out in its entirety, 
a vivid mental picture. Then take up the study of the promin- 
ent events of such penod, or epoch. 

In studying an event, such as Columbus's first voyage or 
McClellan's Peninsular Campaign, first read it over carefully, 
Studying and then, picturing- it in your mind, trace the 
Events. voyage or the campaign, thinking the route 
without trying to recall the names (using common nouns ex- 
cept where the proper names are familiar). Repeat this sev- 
eral times, or until you are able to describe it in your own 
language, and then, reading the text again, if found necessary, 
picture out the same as before, adding to the first outline two 
or three of the most important names or dates, or both. Kepeat 
in this way until the voyage or campaign is thoroughly learned. 
(Of course, the instructor should indicate the degree of thorough- 
ness for each class, and often lor each individual of the class.) 
In like manner, as above, picture out the explorers, the early 
settlements and colonies, the wars, the administrations, the 
peace epochs, etc. After studying the events of the period 
under consideration, pass back to the period, forming a picture 
of it as a whole, the same as indicated in the foregoing, and 
having finished the periods or epochs in this way, return to a 
view of the entire history and picture it over and over as a 
chain of events, as one continuous whole, greatly enlarging 
your first bird's-eye view. And thus by this analytic-synthetic 
process the students builds up his knowledge of history. He 
starts with a brief general vievv, passes down to details some- 
what analytically, and then synthetically returns to a more or 
less complete view or knowledge of history. 

In history the imagination is to have full sway (in fact, it 
may always have when the object is to seek the true, the 
beautiful and the good.) The student must identify himself 



Helps in History. 



with the life of the times — must, in his imagination, fight the 
Use of the battle bravely; in the field assist in gleaning its 
Imagination, harvest in clieerfulness and hope, and in the 
home make glad the fireside with anecdote and song. He must 
patriotically move forward in the cause of highteousness. He 
should enter congress and take an active part in making the 
laws, growing eloquent pleading for liberty and union, and de- 
nouncing tyranny in the burning words of a Patrick Henry. 
The student has no trouble in thus becoming one with the 
spirit of the times he is studying, for the greatest law of his be- 
ing is the law of life; it is activity; it is effectiveness. It enters* 
a pupil and puts him in vital touch with every phase of his- 
tory. Every lesson to be of any value, whatever, must, in 
some way, have its life application, must stir the soul, arouse 
it to noble action. This will make true patriots, earnest 
scholars. To the one who has fought the battle sternly, it ever 
stands a ready suggestion of heroic endeavor in behalf of truth 
and righteousness. 

Psychology must find its way into our every day work of the 
school-room. If the soul is developed, it must be in accordance 
Psychology. with certain fundamental laws. The wise 
teacher will acquaint himself with these laws that he may 
work effectively, intelligently. The laws of association — simi- 
larity, contrast and contiguity — must play an active part in the 
study of history. Things are easily and conveniently grouped 
together under the laws of similarity and contrast; and the law 
of contiguity is of special service. Campaigns are learned and 
associated readily by following coast lines and rivers. Persons, 
places, and events are associated together; industries are asso- 
ciated with the places where they are carried on; agriculture 
and other products with the localities which produce them. 
In advance historical work, the law of cause and eftect is of 
much service ; events are traced backward to their cause, or on- 
ward to their consequences; the characters of men are associat- 
ed with the conditions which fashioned them, and with their 
influence upon the age in which they lived, and upon subse- 
quent ages. It should be noticed, too, that the representative 
powers of the mind — simple conception, imagination, and mom- 
ory — are especially active in studying history, and that in 
advance classes, the thinking powers are fully exercised in 



Introduction. 



studying causes and. consequences, and in broad generaliza- 
tions. 

History may be made to play an important part in the de- 
velopment of the soul, but not without a feeling of interest with 
Interest. the subject-matter. We must come to its 
study with a keen appreciation of its importance, with our 
souls fully aroused to the real life portrayed therein, otherwise 
we might better quit till we can awaken an interest, for it is 
folly to plod through it. But it is easy to awaken an interest 
in ourselves, or in another, in the study of history, for the soul 
craves, and its growth is nourished by, the heroic stuggles of 
every page. The advancement of the people in the sciences and 
arts, and in civil and religious freedom, becomes our advance- 
ment. We read, reconceive, imagine conditions and circum- 
stances, and form living mental pictures. Our souls are 
stirred and we are prompted to heroic action, and feel a restless 
longing for truth and righteousness; but, best of all, there is 
developed a life-long tendency to seek them. And this is in- 
terest, — a feeling that history stands as a means between what 
we are and what we would like to be, a means to raise us from 
our present, real self to our future, ideal self. 

Whatever means may be used to awaken an interest in the 
study of history, they must not be so used as to draw the inter- 
est unto themselves. The interest must be in the thing studied. 
Devices. uot in some external contrivance. A teacher 

naay interest pupils in their per cents, etc., but fail to interest 
them in history. A pupil is to be interested, not because of 
emulation, per cents, or mnemonical verses, but because he finds 
his life in the subject. We teachers may make much of our de- 
vices to balance a failure to stimulate by a touch of life in the 
subject. Teaching is usually in inverse ratio to the interest 
awakened in the external devices. Of course, the means of 
awakening interest must not be underrated nor pushed aside, 
but, like weather-vanes, they should be made by the strong 
current of enthusiasm, set in from the subject itself, to point all 
eyes to the real source of such force. Prof. Thompkins (to 
whom we are indebted for many ideas herein expressed), in his 
admirable work, "The Philosophy of Teaching," says: " What- 
ever the aids used in picturing a battle, they must be so used 
that the pupil will be a direct observer and will feel without 



G Helps in History. 

hinderaiice the strife arud heroism. Not only should he not be 
thinking on the words of the text, but the map of the battle- 
field must disappear for the real field with its woods, hills, 
ravines, and surgi)\g armies." 

Bear in mind that the secret of remembering- dates is their 
constant association with their events. In revie\vin»- never 
think of an event, if the date is important, without recallios: 
Dates. the date, nor the date without associating its 

©vent. This constant association renders the remembering of 
dates easy. In this outline, the dates are not, as a rule, giv- 
en with the events, but the most important dates of each pag© 
are printed at the bottom for the convenience of the pupil in 
studying and the teacher in reviewing the work of the class. 
The iDages are numbered with important dates instead of in 
the usual way. This will be found just as convenient for 
reference, and at the same time the plan gives prominence to 
the dates thus used. 

Do not forget that Geography is an indespensable part of 
history. Associate events and places as well as events and 
Geography. dates. In Studying a campaign, a voyage, or 
a settlement, have a distinct mental picture of the country, 
and be able to locate every place mentioned in the text. 
Frequently draw maps off hand, and locate all important 
places. In the following outline, at the close of each period, 
a paragraph is given on the geography of the period. Don't 
pass this by. 

Most of the verses used in former editions have been changed 
so that the sounds of the words, instead of the initial letters 
aid in recalling the names or events grouped together for 
Mnemoncial memorizing. So this, the main feature of for- 
Verses. mer editions, will be found more valuable than 

ever. Of course, the best that history has for us is not to be 
had by memorizing, but still there is much that we desire 
to commit, and these mnemonical verses will be found of 
great service to the learner in his review work. We do not 
claim any value for the verses, except as means for rapid re- 
views. In the verses, prepositions, conjunctions, articles, and 
pronouns are not used to represent events. 

To save space the outline is presented in paragraph form, 
but each topic is so marked as to indicate its co-ordinate or 



Introduction. 



subordinate position. Topics not followed by periods are well 
Paras^raphs, discussed in Ridpatti's "history; those followed 
Periods, etc. bj'^ periods in Fiske's, aiid those followed by 
^'t", in Thomas's. Any history may be used, however. It is 
suo-orested that there be frequent drills in the pronunciation 
of proper names. 
At the top of each left hand paa^e matters of contemporary 
Enijlish and Euoflish history are g-iven: at the top of the 
French History.rio'ht hand pasTe, French. These are g-iven for 
study aiid comparison, and will be found servicable to the 
advanced pupils. 
Blank pages are left for the dra\ving's desired, but much of 
Drawing.- the work in drawing- might better be placed 
in tablets kept for that purpose. 

ToTHEPapiL. Constantly use your note book and slate. "Oace wi-itine: a 
topic is worth twice reciting it." Repeat and re-write time and aprain that 
which you find most difficult to remember. Try to know something of each 
topic, and strive to be able to tell something about it in your own language. If 
you cannot express your thoughts nicely, keep trying. Cultivate originality of 
thought. Your greatest aim should be to think for yourself. 

"Think for thyself— one good idea. But known to be thine own, 
Is better than a thousand gleaned i'rom fields by others sown." 

Make lists, from time to time, of the most noted men of our country, and, if 
possible, procure biographical sketches of them, and copy the same in your note 
book. Remember that our country's advancement depends far more on the con- 
quests of peace than upoa the results of war. "We ought to know more of men 
and their good deeds." With the Revolution, begin the study of men and their 
actions. Do not be in too much of a hurry. Get well what you go over. Work 
all the time for the purpose of knowing more of our country's history. 

HOW TO REVIEW HISTOEY. 

1. Have a v rse placed on the blackboard, and pointing to the words in order, 
have the pupils give the names, events, and dates. 

2. Oallon each pupil in turn to name some person distinguished in the history 
of our country, and to state something that he did. 

3. To name some important battle, and tell something about it. 

4. To name some settlement and tell who made it. 

S- Let one pupil describe some noted person, and allow class to guess name. 

5. Describe some important event, and let the class tell when and where it 
happened. 

7. Let one pupil think of some noted historical person, place or event, and 
the others ask questions to ascertain what is thought of by that pupil. 

8. Let one pnpii think of some historical character, and then mention to the 
class one thing after another until some one is able to guess the name. The fol- 
lowing is an example : The teacher or pupil remarks "l am thinking of a gen- 
eral who was called 'Rough and Ready,' " or "1 am thinking of a battle that 
was fought on Sunday," or "I am thinking of a settlement where slavery was 
first introduced," These, the other pupils are to answer. Tliis is known as 
"The Thinking Exercise." 



476 Helps in History. 



England, Henry VII, Tudor, 1485—1509. Henry VIII, t., 1509— '47. 

The two Imposbors. Cardinal Wolsoy. The Battle of Flodden Field, 1513. 



HELPS IN HISTORY, 

OR 
United States IiIistoi*j^ Oiitlines 

and IVi^nemonics. 

o 

Histoi\y. 

la Definition.* 2a Divisions, lb As to time. Ic Ancient. 2c 
Mediaeval. 3c Modern. 2b As to kinds. Ic Traditional. 2c Writ- 
ten. Id Kinds, le civil, Sacred, and profane (Some give sacred 
and profane). 3b As to nations. Ic Chinese, Roman, English, 
Mexican, United Rtates, etc, 

3a Introductory t lb How to study. Ic Continuous reading 
2c Real history. 3c Historic f:icts not of equal value. 4c Written 
history an abridgment. 5c Pupil's aim 6c Memorizing- history. 7c 
Things to be remembered. 8c Stimulation of thought. 9c Repro- 
duction of matter. 10c Collateral reading. 

United States llistoi*jv . 

EARLY iriSTOU\, 1589. 

la People of U. S. lb Our ancestors. Ic Whence came they? 2b 
Our hisiory, where sought? Language? Institutions? 

2a Periods lb Aboriginal (Pre-historic) 2b Voyage and 
Discovery 3b (Colonial 4b Revolution and Confederatiou 5o 
National (Or Ancient America, The Discovery of America, 
Colonization of America, Revolution, and The Federal Union). 

lb Aboriginal Period ( Ancient America). 
Ic Time. 2c People. Id American Indian le The Red Men 
2e Why called Indian? 3o Origiu If Theories 4eTimeof Com- 
ing. 5e How they came. Ge Forms of government. 7e Number — 

Dates: 1, 476, U53, '92, 874, 986, 1607, '89, 1775, '89, '83. 

♦ The terms, Doiiuition <aad Description, are usually omitted, but lot it be 
understood that tho d?,linitioi, or description, of a topic is always expected, 
onsult a good dictionary for definitions, f Road tho Introduction paijo 1. 



Ancient America. 986 

France, Louis XII, 1498— '15. ' ' " Francis I, 1515— '47. 
Rpnaipsanc^'. "France bpcamo an It aly." V»'ar with Charles of Spain. 

about 5,000,000 on Western continent, and about 4.000,000 in the 
limits of the U.S., in 1492. How many now? (See U. S. census). 
8e Characteristics — personal appearance, nature, etc 9j Lan- 
jruage lOe Relig-ion lie Warfare r2e Family relations — wo- 
men, marriage, etc. ISe Dress. 14e Dwellings. 15e Modes of bu- 
rial. 16e Weapons and tools. 17e Food. IS3 Condition. If Past, 
present, and ])rospeclive 19e Features. If Good. 2f Bad. 

20e Families, or Nations (Races, or Stocks) 

If Esquimaux 2f Algonquins 3f Huron-Troquois 4f 
Cherokees 5f Mobilians (Maskoki, Muskogee) 6f Comanches 
TfDakotas (Sioux) SfSeli^h OfKlam-iths lOf Californians 
llfShoshonees 12f Athabascans 13f Aztecs 14f Incas (Peru- 
vians * 

21e Desrrees of Savagery (Civilization). If Savage. 2f Barba- 
rous. 3f Half-civiiized, 22e Divisions. 
If Savage Indians. 

Ig Area occupied. 2g Specimens— Athabascans, Ban- 
nocks, and Apaches. Ih How they lived. 
2f Barbarous Indians. 

Ig Area. 2g How they lived — Their agriculture. 3g Iro- 
quois Long-house (Communism). Ih Description. 4g Mandan 
Round-house. Ih How different from Long-house? 5g Indian 
clan (gentos). Ih Size. 2h Name. 6g Indian Tribe. Ih Sachem, 
or chief. 7g Religion. 8g Domestic animals. 6g Warfare. lOg 
Barbarous Indians east of the Mississippi. f Ih Races,- or stocks, 
li Maskoki. or Mobilians. Ij Tribes. Ik Chickasaws, Choctaws, 
Creeks, Seminoles, etc. 21 Iroquois. Ij Tribes. Ik Hurons, Fries, 
Five Nations, Susquehannocks, Tuscaroras. 3i Algonquins. Ij 
Tribes. Ik Pohatans, Senapes, Mohegans rincluding Pequots), 

* The order of the location of the nations as given i •, f r.t in the north (Es- 
kimos), then south along or near the Atlantic and oast of the Mississippi to the 
Gulf of Mezico (Algonquin, Huron-Iroquois, Cherokees, and Mobilians); then 
north from the Gulf, between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains (Coman- 
ches and Dakotasj ; then back south along the Pacific coast and west of tliC 
Rocky Mounta.ns, down into South America (Selish, Klamaths, Californians. 
Shoshonees — east of the Californians, Athabascans, Aztecs, and Incas) The pu- 
pil in his study should think the location of these great families in tlie order 

given. Commit the following verse, and you will find it a nre""^ pid in reca'^'ng 
the names of these Indian races. The Eskimos nlleq:T tho Hur • ^-fr'^nnois '-'■-^r- 
ish more company daily, selling clams and California, shoes to :.ie athlete azcocs 
and Incas. See Introduction, 



1001 Helps in Histoby. 

Eng , Edward VI, t., 1547— '53. Mary, t., 1553— '58 

The Forty-two Articles of Rpligion. Lady Jsne Grev. Lops of Calais. 

Narrag-an setts, Shawnees, Pottawatomies, Ottawas, Chippewas 
or Ojlbwas, Sacs-and-Foxes. llg- Confederacies. 
3f Half-Civilized Indians. 

1^ Area inhabited. 2°: Connection with U. R. history. 
8of Description. 4g Pueblos, Ih Moqiiis, Zunis, etc. 2h Confeder- 
acies, li Aztec. Ij When founded. 2j Description. 3h Ancient 
Mexico, Central America, etc. 4h Description of Pueblos. ]i f^o- 
ciety, government, architecture, writing, etc. 5g" Half-civilized 
Indians at their best. Ih Ancient Peru— Description. 

22e Ancient Indians East of Rocl^y Mountains — Mounds. 

If Mound Builders. Ig Mounds. Ih Number. 2h Rhapo 
and size. 3h Purpose. 4h Contents. 5Vi LoxCation. 2o; Early sup- 
positions concerning the race. Sg Not a distinct ra«;e, but barba- 
rous Indians. 

Geography. 

Point out on a map and name the main physical divisions of North 
America— The great mountain systems and their chief ranges ; the great rivers 
and their chief tributaries. The oceans, the gulfs and bays. The Mississippi 
valley. The Great Lakes. The Great Basin. The Great Salt Lake. The several 
branches of the Columbia ; the Missouri. The course of the Colorado ; the Sac- 
ramento ; the San Jouquin. The longest river in the world. The outlet of the 
Great Lakes, The country of the Eskimos ; the Algonquins ; the Iroquois ; the 
Cherokees ; the Mobilians ; the Comanches ; *fe« T)akotas ; the Selish ; the IClam- 
aths ; the Californians ; the Athabascans ; the Aztecs ; the Incas. Speak of the 
climate, giving advantages and disadvantages of different sections of the 
country. 

Additional Topics and Review Questions, 

And Queries for Stimulating* Thoug'ht. 



1 Define history. 2 What are the divisions of hl«tory? 3 De- 
fine Ancient history; Mediaeval history; Modern history; Sacred 
history; Profaoe; Civil. 4 Would you divide history into sacred 
and profane, or civil, sacred, and profane? 5 For what is An- 
cient history distinguished? Mediaeval? Modern? 6 Who were 
the Mound Builders? 7 What is known concernino* them? 8 
Where are the mounds found? 9 What do they contain? 10 Was 
there ever a time when there were no human beings on this con- 
tinent? 11 How did the first man get here? Did he corao from 
China or Japan, from Europe or Africa? Did he come of his 
own free will, or was his boat or raft driven hither by storms? 



Questions For Eeview. 1350 

France, Henry II, 1447—1459. 
Protestant Reformatio n. HuoruRuots Pr^ rsecutPid. John Calvin. 

How lon^ have the Indians lived here? What do you under- 
stand by "division of labor"? What division of labor in a well 
regulated family? SVhat work is assigned you at home? What 
advantage? What division of labor among the Indians? De- 
scribe the medicine men (powwov/s) of the Indians. What is 
wampum? The calumet? Totems? How did Indians make a 
fire? Describe their modes of cookery. What tools did the 
Indians have? Furniture in wigwams? What grains and veg- 
etable^i cultivated? How did Indians make their canoes? Point 
in the direction in which the great families of Indians lived, 
Y/here do the Indians live now? Describe appearance of the 
Indian on the war-path. Tell what you know of their cruelty 
in war. Indians worship what? Imagine you were the first 
white person to visit tliis continent, and write a letter to some 
imaginary friend in London, telling him what you had seen, 
how you were treated, etc. Where were the Cliff-dwellers? 

What is a native? A foreigner? A citizen? An alien? Can 

a person be a native and a toreigner at the same time? A citi- 
zen and a foreigner? An alien and a citizen? Give the verse 
V remembering the different races of Indians. What is a 

"avage Indian? A barbarous Indian? Half-civilized Indian? 
Can an Indian be savage, barbarous, and half-civilized at the 
same time? Are there any civilized Indians, and how do they 
differ from us? Could an Indian pass from the lowest condi- 
tion of savai^ery to civilized life? Dj a ly white men ever ex- 
lii bit any of the traits of a savage? Are any Indians living 
in your State? Tell about any Indians you may have seen 

Tell of any Indian relics you have seen. Is it more difficult 

now than in the Aboriginal period for Indians to live a savage 
life? Why? Name the most important Indian tribes of to-day, 
and tell where they live. How are the Indians governed now? 
What does the U. S. governmont do fir the Indians? What 

is your opinion of the treatment of the Indians from discovery 
of America to the present time. Write a list of ten questions 
not 2:1 ven above. 



lyrawmg. Draw a picture of an Indian wigwam, or tepee ; Indian weap- 
ons, bow and arrow, tomahawk, etc. Also, make any other pictures descriptive 
of the habits aad customs of the Indians. (Pupil should read Lno Introduction. 
Also, see bottom of paso 1565, and Eggrleston's Ilistorj', pages 71—90,) 



1492 Helps in History. 

Eng., Elizabeth, T., 1558— '09. 

Wm. Cecil. Act of Uniformity. JoTin Knox. Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots. 

2b Yoyag-e and Dlseovery. 

Ic Time. 2c People or Nations: Northmen, Spanish, Eng- 
lish, French, Diitcli, Portuguese, Swedish, txud Russian 
Id NortJimen, or Norsemen. ''Yiiilaiid." 

1© Cliaracter. 2e ^'' here from? Se In Iceland. 4e In 
Greenland. .5e Leading- explorers.* . 

If Herglllfson (Biorne) :j: "in sight of Labrador.' 

2f Leif Erickson "Discovered that country in the year 1001. ' 

3f Thorwald Erickson Died at Fall River, Massachusetts. 

4f Thorstein I rick son Came with a band of followers. 

5f Thorfinn Karlsefne Explored to the capes of Virginia 

6f Erik Upsi Sent as bishop to Vinland. 

7f Other voj'ag-es. 8f Settlements, "!:^norri." 9f Their fate — 
Great i'lague ill 1860. lOf Evidences of tbelr explorations, llf 
Number here at any time. ]2f ivesults of the Icelandic and Nor- 
wegian explorations 13f Columbus'- visit to Iceland. 

— d Trade between'Europe and Asia, ie V>y what means car- 
ried on? By what route? 2e Increased by tlie Crusades (109() — 
1291). 3e Old routes cut off by the Turks. 4o.Ke<.essity of .find-.; 
ing an ocean route. 5d Henry, "The Is aviuator,"GeTv/o famous 
Geographers — Pomponius Mela and Claudius Ptolemy. 7e An- 
cient and Mediaeval ideas of geography. Se Earth a round balL 
9e Sailing west to get east. lOe Columbus's plan: how long 
would the voyage be? 

2d Spanish. "New Spain." 

le Objects. 2e Character. 3e Leading explorers f 

If Christopher (Columbus J "CJohunbia." "San Salvador. 

Ig Nationality 2g Parentage 3g Education 4g Relig- 
ion 5g Early life 6g Character 7g Seeking aid 8g Outfit 
9g Voyages Ih First voyage 2h Second voyage 3h Third voy- 
age 4h Fourth voyage lOg Death llg Remains 12g In- 

Dates: 986, 1001, '02, '05, '07, 1121, 1347, '50, 1192. [50, 
150,1418, '47, '71 '771. 

* Verse: Her life tore Karl up. 

t Verse: Columbus, vested wifh the ponderous ballads, may 
correct the dates, and go and narrate the so called melodies. 

X Give, (a) Time, (b) Object, (c) Incidents, (d) Discoveries, Ex- 
plorations, or Settlements, and (e) Results, of each voyage- 



Voyage and Discoyesy. 1493 

Fraiicf , l^rancis Ll, 1559— 60. CrnirTli IK, 1560—74. 

( 'ath'-'i-iiif' d'^ Medici and the Guises. St. Bartbo]oTn«^w I'i1:!SPncr'\ Aur. 24. '72. 

irralitude shown h'rm : 18": Your estimats of the mars. 

2f Amerigo Vesj>;icc!:|: ( Amerieus Vespucins). "■A-nrr"'--:." 
Ig Second voyage. (First voj^age with Pmzon, the dis- 
coverer of the Amazon river). [— g 1. "Line of Demarcation." 2. 
Oabral's voyage.] 2g Third voyage. Ih Origin of name Arner- 
ica. 8g Other voyages. 4g Death. 5g Estimate of the man. 

3f Ponce De Leon J "The Fountain of Youth." 

4f Jialboa % The "South Sea." 

of Magellan J "Around the world." The Pacific. 

Ig Death 2g Successor, Moluccas 

6f Cortez J The Conqueror of Mexico. The Montczumas. 

7f De Ayllon | The Kidnapper. "Chicora." 

8f Gomez % From Labrador to Florida. 

dC De Narvaez 1: The Interior of Florida. 

Ig Adventures of De Vaca. 

' lOf De Soto X Mississippi— the Father of Waters. 

Ig Deatli 2g Successor, Moscusa 

ilf Coronado J Tlie Colorado. "Seven Cities of Cibola." 

ISf Melendez J Huguenots murdered. The oldest town. 

]g De Gourges "Not Spaniards, but murderers." 

14f Other Explorers. Ig Pinzon, Ojeba, Cordova, Grijalva, 
Pizarro, Cabrillo. 2g Espejo. — In the Southwest. 
4e Results of the Spanish explorations. 
3d English. "Virginia." "New England." 

le Object. 2e Character. 3e Leading Explorers.* 

If John Cabot J Labrador. "Prima Vista," 

2f Sebastian Cabot J From Labrador to Virginia. 

8f Martin Frpbisher J The Northwest Passage. 

4f Sir Francis Drake J "New Albion." Around the World, 

5f Sir'Humphry Gilbert J The Squirrel Colonization. 

6f Sir Walter Raleigh % Colonization. Roanoke Island. 

Ig First attempt to found a colony, Amidas and Barlow 
2g Second attempt, Lane and Greenville 3g Third colon y-"City 

"""Dates: 1499, '98, '97-8,1501, '02, '12, '13, '19 '20, '22, '28 
%39, '30, '41, '42, '65, '78, '77-80, '83, '84, '85. 

"■'v Verse: The Cabots forbid Drake's gilding Raleigh's gold 

ring. (Note. The last word does not begin with "p" as does Pring, but the 

SGUXid suggests th'> name.) t See bottom of page 1492. 



1501 Helps in Histoky. 

Eng., Elizabetii, t., 1556 — 03. James I, Stuart, 1603— ,25. 

Shakespeare. Spanish Armadfi. "Ralr-igh. Union of England and Scotland. 

of Raleio:h" — John White, (Virginia Dare) 4g Sale of Patent. Bg 
Death 6g Estimate of the man. 

7f Gosnold % The first direct voyage. First settlement in New England. 
8f Martin Pring | Sassafras Root. 

9f others: Davis, Waymoufch, and Baffin. 
4e Results of the English explorations. 
4d French. "New France.*' Bacchus Isle, 

le Object. 29 Character. 3e Explorers. f 
If Early fishermen (Map by Denyss). 

2f Verrazzani J Thoharborof New York. The Dolphin, 
3f James Car tier The St. Lawrence Gulf and River. 

4f Roberval The "prison birds" on the St. Lawrence. 
^?s^^" J 5f Ribault The Huguenots. "Carolina." 

ni*£!^ 1 ^^ Laudonniere Huguenots on the St. John's.— Melendez. 
7f La Roche Forty criminals on Sable Island. 

8f De Monts Port Royal (Pourtrincourt), "Acadia." 

9f Champlain Tn^ '-"Patliorof New France," 

lOf other explorers. Ig De Gourges 2g Jesuit Missionaries 

Ih Marquette and Joliet On the Mississippi. 

2h La Salle "Louisiana." 

4e Results of the French explorations. 

5d Dutch. "New Netherland." 

8e Object. 2e Character. 3e Leading explorers.^ 

If Sir Henry Hudson % The Hudson River and Bay. 

2f Cornelius May, Adrian Block, Christianson.J 
4e Results of the Dutch explorers. 
6d Portuguese. 

le Object. 2e Character. 3e Explorers. 1| 

If Vasco De Garaa. X The Cape of Good Hope. 

2f Cabral. The Brazilian Coast. 

3f Cortereals The Slave-Ships, 

Dates: 1502, 1603, '16, 1506, '21, 1634, 1535, '42, '62, '64, 
'98, 1608, '09, '73, '80, '82, '93, 149S, '99, 1500, '01. 

t Verse: The fishermen verily can't rob Ribaulr of loose 
roaches due Champlain. 

2 Verse: The Dutch the Hudson may blockade Christmas. 

t Sec bottom of pUijo 1432. 



Voyage and Discovery. 1513 

Fance. Heniy III, 1574— '89. ~~^ Henry lY, 1589—1610. 

The King Assassinated. The Edict of Nantes. April 15, 1589. 

7(1 Russian, 
le Discoverers. If Vitus Bering— Bering Strait, 1728. 
2f Other Russian navigators explored tiie Alaskan coast 
between 1740 and 1770. 3f Results. 
8d Swedish. *'New Sweden." 

le Explorations and results. 
9d United States. 
le Lewis and Clarke, Fremont, and others. 
3c Location and extent of the claims of different nations — Riva,l 
claims. 4c Slow completion of the work of discovery. 5c Recent 
explorations. 6c Parts unexplored. 

(jEOGRAPHY, Locate Iceland, Greenland, Labrador, Newfoundland, and 
Vinland. Trace on a map of your own drawing the several routes of the differ- 
ent explorers, placing the date of each voyage on its respective line. Color the 
map to represent the claims of the different nations. Give facts in Geography 
not known in 1492. Picture the voyages over and over in the mind. 



Additional Topics and Review Questions, 

And Queries for Stimulating* Tlioug*ht. 



When did this period begin? Who were the Northmen? Give 
an account of the voyage of Leif Elrickson. Tell about Karlsef- 
ni's colony and its fate. Why are the Icelandic chronicles be- 
lieved to be true? Do you think the Norsemen really settled 
New England? Did the Vinland voyages interest Europe? 
What trad© had Europe carried on from ancient times? How 
did the Crusades affect this trade? State why it was important 
to find a new route to Asia. Tell how the Portuguese tried to 
get to Asia. Name the two famous geographers and give their 
views of the earth's shape. Also tell what learned people of 
colonial times thought about the shape of the earth. What did 
ignorant people think? How did the sclieine of reaching the 
east by sailing west strike the people? State who discovered 
America, why he wished to sail to Asia, and the number of 
voyages he made. In Columbus's first voyage, tell of the Ro^^al 
help; his fleet and crew; the departure; time and port; wherein 
he surpassed others. In his second and third voyage, tell what 
he discovered: how he lost favor with the colonies; his contin- 



1565 Helps in History. 

Eng. Charles I, s., 1625— '49. The Commonwealth,— Council of State, 1649— 
'58. Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector, 1655— '59. Richard Cromwell, 1659— '60. 

ued belief and wonder. Aim and result of his fourth voyage. 
Tell of his failing- reputation; his hardships, death, and burial: 
his dying- belief; his life, character, and reward. What reward 
should he have received? Are the days of discovery in geogra- 
phy gone by? What is the favorltemodern scheme of a short 
route to Asia? Tell of the Cabots, Pinzon, Gama, Vespucius. 
What was the "Line of Demarcation"? How did Brazil come 
to belong to Portugal? Tell of the first voyage around the 
world. Yfhat was Vespucius supposed to have discovered and 
what name was given to the "Fourth Part"? Why was this 
continent named America instead of Columbia? Name nations 
that made explorations in America. State who discovered the 
continent of North America; the Mississippi; the St. Lawrence: 
Lake Champlain: Hudson river; the Pacific: the Great Lakes. 
Tell who searched for the Fountain of Youth; who made the 
first direct voyage to America; what became of the Indians D' 
Ayllon kidnapped, and who first tried to plant a colony in Am. 
Point out the Spanish, English, French, and Dutch claims. De- 
scribe the expedition of De Narvaez; of De Soto; of Coronado, 
Make a list of the native animals of America. Who introduced 
the horse into this country? Speak of the treatment of the Ind- 
ians by the explorers. Who were the Huguenots? What is 
meant by the "Lost Colony of Roanoke"? Tell the story of Ral- 
eigh's smoking. Give verse for the explorers of each nation. 
Write twenty questions on this period not contained in this list. 



Urav/mg. Draw a picture of the compass and underneath describe how 
it works, and give its use to the sailor and land explorer ; a picture of a vessel 
of the Norsomen ; one of Columbus's vessels. Draw a picture of tlie firelock, or 
matchlock, used by explorers and discoverers of America. Tell how guns aided in 
the conquest of America. Draw any other pictures descriptive of this period. 
Write name of picture in the middle of the pa£?e above where you want the 
picture, make the picture, and below it write any explanation, description, or 
comment, thought desirable. The following illustrates : 



[Name of Picture.] 
[Picture.] 

[Explanations, doscriptlons, and comments.] 



Colonial Period. 1607 



France, Louis XIII, 1610— '43. LiouisXiV, lb43— '15. 
Richelieu. Siege of La Rochelle. 1627. Cardinal Mizarin. (^/olbert. 

3b Colonization of Nonh America. 1493-1763. 

Ic Pre-coloinal — Overlapping- previous period.^' 
Id Spanish, 1493-1565. le Conquest of the Half-civilized Ind- 
ians. If Aims and motives. 2f Settlement. 3f Territory occupied. 
2e On the North Atlantic coast. If Fountain of Youth — Ponce de 
Leon. 2f Northwest passage! Ig Vasquez d'Ayllon ^^^^ Gomez. 
Se Adventures to the Westward. If Narvaez — De Vaca, Corona- 
do, and De Soto. 4e St. Augustine, and Santa Fe. 

2d French Pioneers. — 1504-1635. le Fisheries and the 
French. If Newfoundland fisheries. 2f Verrazzanl and Cartier. 
2e Huguenots in Florida, 1562-5— Port Royal and Fort Carolina. 
— De Gourges' vengeance. 3e First Settlement in Canada — 
Cartier at Charlesbourg (Old Quebec), Pourtrincourt at Port 
Royal, and Champlain at Quebec. 4e Jesuits among the Indians. 
5e Enmity between French and Iroquois — Battle of Ticondero- 
ga, 1609. 

3d English in Virginia, 1584-1676. le Coming of English—, 
Cabots, Sir John Hawkins. 2e Decline of Spanish power. If The 
Netherlands' revolt, 1567. 2f The Invincible Armada, 1588. 3f 
Spanish treasure-ships. 3e Sir Walter Raleigh. If City of Ral- 
eigh — 1584-7. 2f Raleigh and King James I. 4e London and 
Plymouth companies. If Lands granted to each. 

2c Colonial Period Proper.— 1607-1775.* 
Id Founding of 

V I E G I N I A , 1607. "He thayviU^ot w^rk^must not 

At Jamestown, le First colony. If By whom sent. 2f Charac- 
ter of colonists, Number, Leaders. 2e John Smith, Explorations 
3e Starving time 4e New immigrants. Their fate. 5e Lord Dela- 
aware. Sir Thomas Dale. Be Gold excitement 7e Marriage of Po- 
cahontas Se The colony prosperous. If Communi^si abolished. 

Dates: 1493, 1505, '65, '67, '82, '84, 1607, '09-10. 

* The repetition here of manj^ topics of the previous period will serve as a re- 
view while developing the general idea of colonization aside from the explora- 
tions. 

t The "Northwest Passage" was accomplished by Sir Robert McClure in 1854. 

i FiEST Permanent Settlements. 
St. Augustine, by Spaniards, 1565 ; Santa Fe, by Spaniards, 1582 ; 

Port Royal, by the French, 1605 ; Jamestown, by English, 1607 ; 

Quebec, by the French, in 1608 ; New York, by the Dutch, 1614 ; 

Plymouth, by English Puritans, 1620. 
Verse. August said Roy James questioned the news from Plymouth. 



1620 Helps in History. 

Eijg. Charles II, s., 1660— '85. James II, s.,1685— '89. 

. Milton. Tbe Habeas Corpus Xrt. Bnnyan. The RevolTition of 1688. 

2f Tobacco. 9e The charters — First, Second, and Third lOe Wo- 
men immicrrants lie Begiminp- of slavery. 12e Self-government 
If Representative government. 2f House of Biir^resses. 13e Ind- 
ian .Massacre 14e Royal government — Overthrow of London Co 
1624. loe Charles I and the Virginians. If Sir Johi-i Harvey. 2f 
The Long Parliament. ^iGe Second Indian Massacre 17e Naviga- 
tion Acts 18e Cromwell. 19e Berkley and the Cavaliers — Berk- 
ley's tyranny. 20e The King's grant 1673. — (Proprietary gov- 
ernment till 1684, the Royal till 1776). 21e Bacon's Rebellion — 
Cause, events, and results. 22e Berkley's fate. 23e William and 
Mary College, 169.\ 24e Or )wth of the ( omnion wealth. 25e Pe- 
culiarities of the people. 2Ge Relation with other colonies. 
2d N e vf England, 
le Unsuccessful attempt at Settlement. If North Virginia 
and Plymouth colony. 2f North Virginia becomes New England. 
2e The Reformation in England. If Puritans, 2f Separatists. 3e 
Pilgrims in Holland — Ju New England. If Voyage of the May- 
flower (Speedwell) 4e Founding of 

MASSACHUSETTS -1620. 
— The Plymouth coloney. If First colony — Leaders, number, 
and character. 2f Suffering — Death of John Carver, his wife, and 
half the colony 3f Massasoit and Canonicus 4f Bradford 5f Ori- 
gin of Thanksgiving 6f Miles Standish and his army 7f Growth 
of colony. 81 Puritans in New England. Ig Massachusetts Bay 
Coloiiy. '?g jNIassachusetts Colony Founded. 3g Episcopal service 
abolished. 9f Parishes and Townships. lOf The New England 
village. 1 If Founding of Harvard College. 12fThe printing press 
13f Enemies of New England colony. Ig Charles I displeased 
with INfassacliusetts. 2g Mason and Gorges. 14f Witchcraft — 
Time, i)lace, cause, events, and result 15f First newspaper First 
Post office 16f Progress of the colony. 17f Founding of 
RHODE I S L A N D , 1630. 
At Providence. Ig Roger Williams Ih His teachings. 
2h Banishment 3h Settlement 2g Anne Hutchinson 3g 
('oddington and Gordon. 4g Charter 5g Andros's usurpa- 
tion 6g Governors 18f Founding of 

"DateTl()19, '22, '44, 73, 76, 15S9, 1602, '06, '20, '38, '39' 
'31), '92,1701, '10, '61, '73, 74. 



The Middle Zone. 1638 

Franc^N Loais XI 7,1643-15. ~ 
War r^sp'^ctin.? Spanish Netherland, 1667. War with Holland, 1672. 

NEW HAMPSHIKE, 1623. 

— The Piscataqua towns. Ig Settled at Portsmouth 
and Dover by Mason's men. 2^ Exeter settled by Mrs. 
Hutchinson's friends. Sg Added to Massachusetts. Ag 
Beco'nes a didtinct colony. 5g Reunited 6^^ Final sepa- 
ration 7g Leading Characters 19f Founding of 
CONNECTICUT, 1635. 
Ig The Beginnings. 2g Dutch and Pilgrims on Con- 
necticut river. 3g Say- Brooke fort 4g Thomas Hooker. 
Ih Aristocracy vs. democracy. 5g Permanent settlement. 
6f Written Constitution — First in America 7g Hiding 
charter — Andros 8g Yale College 9g Leading men 
oe Ovorthrovv of Pequots If Indian tribes in Southern New Eng- 
land. 2f Trouble with Pequots Ig Pequots annihilated 6e New 
Haven Colony founded. 

7e Story in Brief of the Five New England Colonies. 
If Rebellion against Charles I in 1643. 2f Condition in 1643. 
3f Popular government in all. 4f New England Confederation 
in 1643. of Persecution of Quakers—Causes, incidents, results. 
6f The King's quarrel with New England. Ig Regicides. 2gNew 
Haven annexed to Connecticut. 7f Indians. Ig King Philip's 
War, 1675-78 5g Extermination of Indians 8f Massachusetts' 
charter annulled. 9f Viceroyalty of Andros. Ig James II sends 
Andros to govern Northern colonies. 2g Tyranny of Andros. 3g 
Insurrection in Boston and overthrow of Andros. lOf New Ar- 
rangements under William III, 1692. Ig Royal governors. 2g A 
series of quarrels. 4g Sympathy between Massachusetts and Va. 
3d The Middle Zone, 
le The three zones. 2e Joint-stock companies. 3e New way 
of founding a colony — 

MAKYLAND, 1634. "Free Liberty of Religion." 
If First settlement at St. Mary's by Catholics— Calverts, or 
Lord Baltimores. 2f Religious quarrels. Ig Clayborne's Rebell- 
ion Ih On Kent Island, 2h Defeated in 1634 3h Puritans and 
Cathohcs. 4h Ciayborne in 1645, and again in 1654. 6h Crom- 
well's decission. 2g Episcopalians and Catholics. 8f Royal gov- 

Dates: 1623, '35, '36, '39, 1741, '01, 1643 '75, '83-87, '92, 
'34, 16, '45, '54, '91, 1715. 



1643 Helps in History. 

Eng., William and Mary, s.. 1589— '02. ' Anne, s., 1/02— •14.' 

Pope. James II. Battle of the Boyne, 1689. Swift. War of Spanish Succession. 

eminent. 4f Proprietary government 5f Other colonies similar 

to Maryland. 6f Life in Maryland colony. 
4e Dutch on the Hudson — North and South Rivers. 5e — 

New Netlierland— N E W YOEK, 1614 

'•Ever since the days of Captain Kidd, The Yankees think there 's raonc y hid. 

If Settled on Manhattan. New Amsterdam*. 2f The Patroons. 
3f Peter Stuyvessant 4f Indian war of New Netlierland becomes 
New York of Parties and Overthrow of Sir Edmond Andros. 7f 
Jacob Leisler — Insurrection Ig- Circumstances attending Tg Re- 
sults 8f Lord Bellmont and the pirates. 9f Captain Kidd lOf Ne- 
gro Plot llf British riot oe Founding of 
NEW JEKSEY, 1664. 

If Beginnings. By whom settled? 2f East and West Jersey. 
3f Union of Jerseys 4f Separated from New York 6e Fouiiding of 

PENNSYLVANIA, 1643. , i ^^^ f^^^^V^ "p^^"^ 

' for all inanknid.— Poni'.. 

If William Penn. 2f Beginnings of the colony, 3f Peun's 
frame of government. 4f Treaty with the Indians of Founding 
of Philadelphia 6f Penn obtains Delaware 7f Mason and Dix- 
on's Line. 8f Ingratitude to Penn 9f Growth of colony lOf Pur- 
suits of the people, llf Other events 7e Founding of 
DELAWAEE, 1638. 

If Beginnings, Swedes at Christiana. 2f With New Neth- 
erland. 3f With Pennsylvania — Final separation 

5d The Far South. 

le The Carolinas. If Why the name? 2f By whom and ta 
whom granted? 3f "Grand Model" 4f The two Carolinas — why 
tM^o? 5f Government — proprietary and royal. 6f Separation of 
the Carolinas. 2e Founding of 

NOKTH CAEOLINA, 1663. 

If Beginnings. 1g Early colonies. 2g Different settlers — why 
they came? 2f Rebellion of Culpepper 3f Tuscaroras war 4f The 
Spanish Invasion of Later settlers. Industries and prosperity. 
6f Leading characters 3e Founding of 

SOUTH CAROLINA, 1670. 
If Beginn ings. Ig Charleston 2f The settlers, Huguenots 

Dates: 1664, '80, '88, '96, '63, '70, '23, '38, '64' '43, '81, '83, 
7174, '75, '65' '70, '44. 



Inter-Colonial Waes. lOSO 

France, Louis XIV, 1643—1715. 

War of the Palatinate, 1689. War of Spanish Succssion. 1702. 

and others 3f Troubles with the Indians, Yamasses, Cherokees, 
and Gatawbas 4f Leadmg- men 5f Prosperity. 4e Founding- of 

GEOEGIA, 1733. The Last of'tlio Thirteen, 

' In trust tor the poor. 

If Beginning's. 1g James Oglethorpe — his plan, etc. 2f Sa- 
vannah founded 8f Indian treaty 4f The Spanish war Ig- Cause 
2g Bloody Marsh Battle 5f Royal government. 6f Character of 
colonists 7f Prosperity. 
3c General Colonial Events. Etc. 

Id General view of the English and the French colonies. 
2d Overtiirow of New France,— 1689— 1763. 

le The Mississippi Valley. If French explorers and mis- 
sionaries in the ^Torthwest. 2f Discovery of the Mississippi. 8f 
La Salle and the Griffin. 4f La Salle's third attempt to explore 
the Mississippi. 5f Louisiana, Efforts to take armed possession 
of. 2e French in Hudson Valley. 8e Revolution in England- 
William of Orange and James II; Louis XIV of France. If 1689 
an important date in history, 4e 

MIDDLE HISTORY, 1689—1789, (One hundred Shears). 

—One century, 75 years' fighting between England and France 
— the Tnter-Colonial Wars, and 25 years' between England and 
the Colonies— The American Revolution. 5e 

King William's War, 1689 -1697 
—Called in Europe "War of the Palatinate". If Cause. 2f The 
blows of Frontenac. 8f Frontenac's plan to capture New York. 
4f Massacre at Schenectady. 5f Massacres in New England. 6f 
Mrs. Dustin. 7f Attempts to capture Quebec and Montreal. 8f 
Serious defeats of the Iroquois. 9f War ended by treaty of Rys- 
wick, Holland 6e Struggle renewed in 

Queen Anne's War, 1702—1713. 
— Called in Europe "The War of Spanish Succession". If Cause 
2f Indian Massacres. 8f In the South, French and Spaniards 
attack Charleston, 4f In the North, Quebec and Nova Scotia. 
5f Treaty of Utrecht, Holland 6f Results 7e French develop- 
ment. If Posts established. 2f Capture of Norridgework. 8f 

King George's War, 1744—1748. 
— Called in Europe "War ot Austrian Succession" Ig Cause 2^ 
Capture of Louisburg. Sg Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, Germany. 
4g Results 8e War in advance of its declaration. — 



1754 Helps in History. 



Eng. George I, hanovek, 1714—1727. George li, H., 1727—1760. 

Addison. First of the Hanovers. Pitt. Seven Years' (French and Indian) War. 

The French and Indian War, 1754— '63, 
If French fortifications, .f AYashino-ton's Mission 8f Gate- 
way of the West — Fort Du Quesne 4f Wasliing-ton's first expe- 
rience as a commander. 
5f 1754 !«• '^' Great Meadowsf -g Fort Nece?sity 
6f 1755 Ig- Brad dock's Defeat t ig Acadians driven into exile 
3"- Johnson's defense of N. Y. frontier. 4or Fort Edward 

and Battle near Lal?:e George Dieskau 
9e War declared between France and England. — Called in 

Europe "The Seven Years' War, 1756-1 7'63. William Pitt. 

If 1756 Ig Oswego Montcalm. 2fl757 Fort William Henry 
3f 1758 Successes of Montcalm. Ig Ticonderoga 

lOe Turn of the Tide — two years of successes. If Louisburg 2f 
Fort Frontenac 3f Fort Du Quesne, Fort Pitt 4f 1759 Ig Niag- 
ara 2g Ticonderoga 3g Quebec Ih How Wolf captured it 2b 
Death of the Commanders — their last words of Other Events 

lie Principal Commanders, British and French 12e Struggle 
on the ocean. 13e Peace of Paris 14e Transfer of territory. 15e 
Indian Depredations If Algonquins. -f Conspiracy of Pontiac, 
chief of the Otta was. ]g Two years of butchery, Ih Western 
gariisons overcome and massacred. 2h Atrocities on the front- 
ier. 3h Battle of Bushy Run, Col. Henry Bouquet. 4h Senecas 
subdued by William Johnson. 5h Pontiac's death. 

3d Literary and General Progress;]: 
le The first book written in America. 2e Other books. 3e 
Ministers, 4e Historians. 5e Jonathan Edwards. Franklin. 6e 
Colleges: Harvard, Yale, William and Mary, and others. 7e Sci- 
ence. 8e Pamphlets on questions concerning government, 9e Co- 
lonial habits. lOe Roads. He Manufactures. 12e Commerce and 
Piracy. ISe Royal oflricials.J 

Dates: 1689, '97, 1702, '13, '33, '44, '48, '54, '56, '63. 

*Verse. The great necessity of Braddock's acceding to Edward 
at Oswego will try his loose doings at Niagara, Ticonderoga, 

and Quebec. Note. Use "Jbowtnip" for pointing off the yearly events of this 
war. Place 1754 at the biginning, 55 before event commencing with B, 56 before 
o, 57 before w, etc. Indian Depredations and Peace of Paris are the last two. 

t Give (1) Object, (2) Place, (3) Commanders, (4) Incidents, 
and (5) Results, of each battle. % See Eclectic History, pages 109-118. 



QUE3TI0NS ON COLONIAL PeKIOD. 1763 

France. Louis XV, 1715— "74. 

War of AustrlaTi Succpssion, 1740. "The 7 Years' War," 1755— '65- -Peace of Paris 

Additional Topics and Review Questions, 

And Queries for Stimulating* Thought. 



What three forms of government existed in the colonies? In 
King Phillip's war, were the Indians more cruel than the white 
people? Mention instances in which you think the Indians had 
a just cause. In what sense may hoth the whites and the Ind- 
ians have heen in the right? Mention instances of suffering for 
food recorded in colonial times. Tell something about Oliver 
Cromwell. Who were t ho regicides? Are any of them con- 
nected with history of th3 colonies? Who were the Quakers? 
Yfhy were the Puritans so bitter against the Quakers? State 
the object of the Navigation laws. What was the belief of the 
American Tory? Why did the name Tory become a reproach? 
Give a short sketch of fir Edmund Andros. Name seven of 
the first permanent settlements in North America. Give dates. 
What inducements led Europeans to come to America? Tell 
what you can of the London Company. What territory was 
granted to this company? To what other corporation did the 
king grant a charter? Mention its rights. Which company 
was successful and in what wav? Give character of the Virsrin- 
ia(olonists. ^ /hat did John Smith do for the colony? Give the 
story told of Smith. What name did he give to the coast he ex- 
plored and drew a map of in 1614. Give an account of John 
L/oche's Grand Model. V"ho governed Delaware? New Jersey? 
Georgia? Give date of the first Indian massacre; second. Did 
the different colonies take the same interest in education? From 
what did the early colonists suffar? Name some of the early 
missionary heroes that worked among the Indians. Give the 
French explorers in the Mississippi valley. Give La Salle's 
fate. How did the w^hites treat the Indians? Who was Lord 
Baltimore? Oglethorpe? Captain Kidd? Miles Standish? Thomas 
Hooker? Give reasons why 1689 is an important date: 1789: 1609. 
Give the cause of King William's war, Queen Anne's, and King 
George's, French and Indian. How many inter-colonial wars? 
Make a list of the changes in the different colonies brought 
about by tne accession to the throne of William and Mary, 
Queen Anne, and Khig George. Give a sketch of Sir Edmund 



1774 Helps in Histoky. 

Eng. George I, H., 1714—1727. George II, h., 1727—1760. 

First of the Hanovers. The 7 Years' War. — The Erench and Indian War. 

Andros. Tell what you can of famous trees. Describe Wash- 
ing-ton's journey across the Alleg-hanies. For whom and to 
whom did he carry the message? Of what benefifc was the 
French and Indian war to the colonists? Give the commanders 
in this war. Give the five objective points of the English. Re- 
peat Wolfe's and Montcalm's dying- words. Give the verse and 
events of this war. Give the incident that occurred between 
Canoiiicus and Governor Bradford. How much did Minuit pay 
the Indians for Manhattan Island? Why was each colony so 
called? Give the motto of your state? Name the governor who 
signed another's death warrant while drunk. Name funny an- 
ecdotes of this period. What was the starving time? Tea Partj'.' 
town meeting'^ Old Style and New Style in counting dates? How 
did Roger Williams "pay back" the people of Massacliuetts for 
banishing him? What persecuted people settled the different 
colonies? Name the colony that took the Bible as its guid'^. 
Give tlie object thab Penn, Baltimore, and 02:lethorpe each had 
in founding a colony. Vv^hy is this countr^'- Engliir-h rather t^^an 
French? Give the dilference between Pilgrims and Puritans. 
Give an account of the "Salem Vv^itchcraft". Was the delusion 
common at the time? Tell the story of Pocahontas. Give thy 
causes of Puquot war, King Philip's war, Pontiac's. Tell the 
story of Dieskau's death. What did the Indians of Jamestown 
plant in order to grow ammunition? How did England treat 
the colonies? The Union of the New England Colonies took 
place when? How many colonies? Purpose? The first Repre- 
sentative body in America, when and where? The first written 
constitution, when and where? The first introduction of slavery, 
when and where? Tell the story of r>[rs. Dustin, What became 
of Mrs. Anne Hutchinson? Make a list of the names of persons 
who received grants of land from the king. Wiio v/ere the naost 
prominent historical, li^^^erarj', and political writers of this time? 
Write list of twenty of the most prominent persons of this time. 
Write thirty questions not given above on this period. 



UraWing. Draw a picture of a ''block h;)U3o" ; a l^g cabin used by 
settlers ; house of a Southern planter ; a New England house ; a Dutch hous;^ ; 
some kitchen utensils ; a spinning wheel ; an old-fashionod chair ; a matchlock 
pee Eggleston, page 84 ; a nint-lock, — Eggleston, page 143. Also make other pic- 
tures descriptive of tlie manners and customs of t!ie p^^ople of this period. Do 
not become discouraged however imperfect your drawings. Persevere. 



1775 Helps in History. 

Eng. George III, h., 1760—1820, 

Lord North. Acquires Canada and Florida. The American Revolution. 

4b The Revolution, 1763—1789. 

Ic Causes and Begiuniugs, 1763—1776. Id Causes of ill feel- 
ing between England and her colonies le European idea of a 
colony and its objects. 2e Restrictions in manufacturing and 
trading. 3e Efforts to enforce revenue Jaws — Writs of Assistance 
1761-2— The Gaspee 2d Keed of a Federal Unior.. le Difficulty in 
carrying on the French war, 2e Benjamin Franklin — his Plan of 
Union — the Albany Plan. 3e Americanism. 3d Stamp Act 1765 
le Effect. 2e Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry. 3e Repeal, Wil- 
liam Pitt 4d Taxation in England, le "No taxation without rep- 
resentation" — King George III. 2e How representation is kept 
fair. 3e Condition of affairs in England, Aristocratic party — Old 
Whigs and Royalist party — Tories. Third party — New Whigs 
(Democrats). If Party leaders. 2f King's bitterness against Pitt. 
3e England affairs compared to American. 5d New scheme for 
taxing America — duty on tea, glass, paper, etc. le Lord North. 
2e How colonists met the Townshend Acts [Appolo Room and 
Faneuil Hall]. 3e British Regulars. If How received? 6d Widen- 
ing of the breach, le Certain duties repealed 2e Disturbances in 
different colonies. 3o "Couimittee of Correspondencies" — a Pro- 
vincial congress. 7d Reception of tea-ships le Boston Tea Party 
2e The King's retaliatory acts. Port of Boston, Thomas Gage. 
8d Continental Congress, 1774 9d Orders to Gage— John Han- 
cock and Samuel Adams. Paul Revere lOd Beginning of 

The Eevolutionary War, 1775—1783. 
le Causes in brief — General and specific Remote, immediate 

1775 2e Lexing^ton and Concord Ig Effect 3e Ticonderoga 
and Crown Point 4e Second Continental Congress— Washing- 
ton chosen commander-in-chief. 5e Bunker HiIjL If Result and 
effects fie Washington and the American army. 7e Hessians. 8e 
Invasion of Canada — Richard Montgomery and Benedict Ar- 
nold If Assault upon Quebec* 2f Result. Other events of year, 

1776 9e Boston siege and evacuation lOe Victory in the South, 
Fort Moultrie— British fleet (Sergeant Jasper)lle DECiiABA- 
TiON of Independence If Lee's famous motion in Congress 

2c The winning of independence, 1776—1783. 
Id First way to conquer the colonies — to control the Hudson 

* Mnemonical Verse. Let the tired count bunk at Quebec. 



The Keyolution. 1776 



France, Louis XVI, 1774—1792. 

Acknowledges Independence of United Statoc. French Revolution. 1789 — '99. 

valley, le Line of the Hudson. If Attack from above, naval fl^ht 
off Valcour Island. 2f Attack from below, New York city. Ig 
Long Island battle Ih Result 2g Washington's Retreat 3g- 
Harlem Heights 4g White Plains 5g Fort Washington 6g Chas. 
Lee Ih His disobedience and treason. 7g Retreat across New 
Jersey 8g Treutonf Other events of the year. 

1777 9g Princeton J Ih Result li The French, Lafayette 2e 
Second attempt to conquer N. Y. If The three British armies — 
Burgoyne's, by way of Lake Champ] aiu; St. Leger's, by Mo- 
hawk valley; Howe's, by Hudsoji river. Ig Burgoyne' Invasion 
Ih Ticonderoga 2h HubbardtonJ— Philip Schuyler 3h Benning- 
tonj — John Stark 4h St. Leger's army li Fort StanwixJ 2i Oris- 
kanyj — Herkimer, Brant. 3i National Banner, the Stars and 
Stripes. Earlier flags. 4i Relief of Ft. Stan wix — Arnold. 5i Ho- 
ratio Gates. 5h Aid for Burgoyne prevented by Washington, 
li BrandywineJ 6h Saratoga, first battle, Freeman's Farm (Be- 
mis Heights); Second battle Ji Burgoyne surrenders Ij Results 
Ik Effort for peace 2k French alliance next year 3e Washington 
and Howe, Germantown (Lydia Durrah) 4e Valley Forge., Bar- 
ron Von Stuben 5e Conspiracy against Washington, the "Con- 
way Cabal." Other events of the year. 

1778 6e Treaty with France^ 7e Howe leaves, Clinton succeeds 
him and goes to N. Y. 8e Monmouth,^ Charles Lee 9e Newport,^ 
Sullivan and the Frencli fleet lOe Conflicts on the frontier If 
Massacrep^ of Wyoming and Cherry Valleys Other events. 

1779 He Clinton sends out marauders, Tryou in Connecticut 
12e Stony Point. Anthony Wayne 13e Indians punished by Sul- 
livan 14e Frontier troubles. If In Southwest, Daniel Boone and 
James Robertson. 2f In Northwest. Col. Hamilton at Detroit. Ig 
Campaign of George Rogers Clark in 1778-9. Ih Result 

2d Second way to conquer the colonies — From the South, le 
Cessation of active operations in North. 2e Fighting in South. 
If Savannah, Gen. Lincoln (Sergeant Jasper and Pulaski) [Con- 

t Boss more independently the long retreat toward Trenton. 

X Vease. At Princefcou and Hubbardton the benign Stanwix 
risked branding the Saratogas. 

g Verse. Treat Monmouth to new masks . 



1783 Helps in History. 

Eng. George III, 1760—1820. ~~~ ' 

Trpaty with United States, 1783. Fox, Prime Minister. 1783—1801, 

flicts on the sea. Naval Battle of Paul Jones* ] Other events. 

1780 2f Charleston, Lincoln 3f Camden, Gates, Cornwallis 
4f Marion, Sumter, and Pickens 5f The gloomiest time of the 
war Ig Money 2g Arnold's Treason Ih West Point plot, Andre 
attempts to capture West Point 3g- Mutiny of troops 6f Victories 
in the South 7f King's Mountalnf 8f Leaders: Nathaniel Green 
Daniel Morgan Wm. Washington, and Harry Lee or ''Light 
Horse Harry" Tarleton Other events of the year. 

1781 9f Arnold's depredations;}: lOf Cowpens 11 f Greene's Re- 
treat 12f Guilford 13f Hobkirk Hill 14f Eutaw Springs Results 
15f The approach of the end. Ig Cornwaliis at Yorktown 2g Ar- 
rival of the French fleet, Count de Grasse. 3g Washington's 
skillful plan. 4g Yorktown Surrenders, Oct 19 Other events. 

1782 5g Preliminary treaty, Nov. 30 Other events. 

1783 6g Cessation of hostilities proclaimed April 19 

. 3c The Critical Period (Confederation), 1783— 1789. 

Id Peace but not safety, le Final treaty at Paris September 
3, 1783 If Conditions, etc. 2d Weakness of Congress, le Articles 
of Confederation If Provisions 2f Adopted by congress 3f Rati- 
fied by States When? 4f Weakness 3d Cost of war: To colonists 
40,000 men and debt of nearly $100,000,000; to England 50.000 
men and debt of $500,000,000. 4d State quarrels. Land claims t| 
Jealousies t 5d Shay's Rebellion. 6d Constitutional convention t 
le How it come to be held 2e Compromises t 3e Adoption of Con- 
stitution. 7d A national question t "The Federalist" 8d Consti- 
tution le Ratified by 11 States 2e Its provisions — Legislative, 
Executive, and Judicial; Amendment, checks, and balances t 
9d Five great men: Washington, Madison, Hamilton, Jefferson, 
and Marshall. 

* Verse. Try pointing to the Indians to save the navy. 

t Charles camped mainly with Arnold before the mutiny 
against the king. 

X Are the cowards retreating to Guilford, or hobbling to the 
Springs of Yorktown? 

§ The letter *'t" refers to Thomas's history. 

Note. The "pupil should notice that the mnemonical verse for '75 includes 5 
events ; for 76^ 6 ; for 77, 7 : for 78, 4 : for 79, 5 ; for 80. 6 ; for 81, 7, or five, six, seven, 
—four, five, BIX, seven. Keep each verse associated with its year in tnis way. 

Dates: 1763, '64, '65, '70, '73, '74 



Questions, Eevolutionaky Period. 1787 

France, Louis XVI, 1760—1792. 

Acknowledges Independence of American Colonies. Revolution, 1789— '99 . 

(jreograpny. Draw a map and trace the two routes by which the Ameri- 
cans invaded Canada. Locate Boston, Concord, Lexington, White Plains, Forts 
Washington and Lee, North Castle, Trenton, Princeton, Morristown. The scenes 
of the Indian massacres. Trace Burgoyne's campaign. The western campaign 
of Col. Clark. Washington's famous retreat. Cornwallis's pursuit of Greene. 
Point out Savannah, Charleston, Cowpens, Camden, Guilford, Eutaw Springs, 
Stony Point, Philadelphia, Fort Stanwix, Oriskany, etc, 

Additional Topics and Review Qustions, 

And Suggestions for Stimulating* Thought. 



Give the causes of the Revolution. For what is the fourth of 
July memorable? Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? 
Names of committee? Give Major Andre's captors: account of 
Benedict Arnold's treason; account of the invasion of Canada: 
of Burgoyne's campaign; of Try^n's depredations; of the massa- 
cres of Wyoming and Cherry valleys; verse for each year of the 
war, naming the principal events; ten steps in political progress. 
When were the Stars and Stripes adopted as an emblem of our 
nationality? and when and where was the first flag made? On 
what mission were Deano, Franklin, arfd Lee sent? Tell some- 
thing of PaulJones. Where did a fog save our army? a rain? 
How did a half-witted boy once save a fort from capture? At 
what place did a battle occur when the armies were marching 
to make a night attack upon each other? ]S"ame the general who 
rushed into battle without orders and won it. In what battle 
did Washington show the most brilliant generalship? Was he 
ever wounded in battle? Who was Washington's strongest rival? 
What was the Conway Cabal? Who was the Carolina Game 
Cock? Bayard of the South? Old Put? Dorr? "Minute men"? 
Poor Richard? What were the "Writs of Assistance"? Ought 
Andre to have been executed? What became of Arnold? What 
rendered Valley Forge memorable? Name some celebrated for- 
eigners who fought for us. By whom, and under what circum- 
stances, was the expression used, ''Give me liberty or give me 
death"? What colonel with four men captured five British ves- 
sels (four oi them loaded with heavy guns) and a detachment 
of the army? Colonel White captured Captain French on the 
Ogeechee, by stratagem. Had the Continental Congress con- 
vened when Ethan Allen demanded the the surrender of Ticon- 



1788 Helps in History. 

Eng. George III, 1760—1820. 
Treaty with United tates, 1783. Fox, Prime Minister, 1785—1801, 

deroga? At what place did a house save the British from de- 
feat? What early document contains the germ of the Articles 
of Confederation and the Constitution? Franklin's plan of 1754. 
Give a list of commanders on each side in the Revolution. Pre- 
pare a short sketch of the Critical Period. What were the terms 
of peace with England? Name twenty prominent men of this 
period. What was the population of all the colonies at the be- 
ginning of the Revolution? (Less than three millon.) Find out 
what states of U. S. have a greater population now. Write a list 
of forty questions not given here. 



TEN GREAT STEPS IN POLITICAL PROGRESS.* 

1680 First Colonial Congress, representing four colonies, 
met at New York, to provide means of union for defeuse against 
the French. 

1765 Second Colouial Congress, representing nine colonies, 
met at New York to avert conflict with Great Britain. 

1774 First Continental Congress, representing eleven colo' 
nies, met at Philadelphia. 

1775 Second Continental Congress met at Philadelphia. 

1776 Articles of Confederation were laid before Congress. 

1777 Adoption of Articles of Confederation by Congress at 
York town. 

1781 Ratification of the Articles, and the thirteen States 
became a Confederation. 

1787 Adoption of the Constitution at Philadelphia by a con- 
vention of twelve States. 

1788 Ratification of the Constitution by eleven States, and 
they became a firm Union. 

1789 National Government was organized according to the 
provisions of the Constitution. 



Drawing. Draw a Pine-tree flag ; a Rattlesnake flag ; a Liberty flag used 
in the South ; an American flag adopted in 1777, Draw a Flintlock, and other 
weapons used in the Revolution. Also, make any other pictures descriptive of 
the manners and customs of this period. Consult Eggleston's, or any pictorial 
history, for Pictures and descriptions. 

* In connection with these, two others should be studied. They are Union of 
New England Colonies, 1643» and Franklin's Albany Plan of CJmon, 1754. 



1789 Helps in History. 

Eng. George HI, h., 1760—1820. Ueorge iv, h., io^iU— xo.j,' 

Spanish fleet defeated, 1797. War with U. S,. 1812. Treaty of p^ace with U. S. '14. 

LATER HISTORY, 1789 

5b The Federal Union. (National Period), 1789 

Ic Period of Weakness 1789-1815. "e Piuribus Unum.' 
Id A third rate power. 2d City life 3d Country life. 4d 
Travel. 

5d WASHINGTON'S Administrations. 

Federalist : 1789—1797. "The Father of his country." 

le Formation of the government. If Inauguration of Wash- 
ington at N. Y. 2f Cabinet 3f Judiciary organized — John Jay, 
Chief Justice 4f North Carolina and Rhode Island ratify the con- 
stitution 2e Elements of progress. If Sources of wealth. 2f Local 
self-government. 3f Assumption of national debt Ig Alexander 
Hamilton 2g Elastic clause of constitution. 3g Division into par- 
ties. 4f A Federal union. 3e Federal capital 4eThe revenue — the 
tariff, indirect taxation 5e Whiskey Insurrection 6e Indian war 
Generals Karmar, St. Clair, and Wayne 7e Foreign affairs. If 
Citizen Genet 8e Jay's treaty Other treaties. 9e States admit- 
ted lOe Two parties — Federalists and Republican (soon called 
"Democratic-Republican"), lie Election of 1796 12e Washing- 
ton's farewell address. 13e Other events of this administration. 

6d JOHN ADAMS'S Administration. 

Federalist : 1797—1801. "The Colossus of Independence. "The Firm Federalist." 

le Quarrel with France— The "Quasi war" If The "X. Y. Z," 
dispatches. 2f French naval vessels, L' Insurgente and La Ven- 
geance, captured by Thomas Truxtun with Constellation. 2e 
Alien and Sedition Laws It Reception 2f Nullification. 3e Death 
ol Washington, Dec. 14, 1799, aged 67 4e New capital 5e Mar- 
shall t 6e Election of 1800 If Parties — Federalist and Democratic- 
Republican 2f Issues. 7e Federalist's influence t 8e Other events 

7d JEFFEESON'S Administrations. 

Democratic-Republican : 1801—1809. "The Sage of Monticello," 

le Thomas Jefferson 2e Rotation in office t Naturalization t 3e 
Ohio admitted 4e Louisiana purchased, $15,000,000 5e War with 
Tripoli (Decatur) 6e Hamilton killed by Burr 7e Expedition of 
Lewis and Clarke — Oregon. 8e Election of 1804. 9e Foreign af- 
fairs. If The Milan Decree 2f Orders in Council Ig Search of the 
Chesapeake. lOe Embargo Act lie Steamboat — Robert Fulton 

"17897 '90, ''91 '92, '94 '95, '96, '98, '99. 1800, '02, '03, '04, '07. 



i 



Westward Expansion. 1812 

National Convention, 1793—95. The Directory. 1795—9 The Consulate, 1799—15. 
First Republic, 1792. Reign of Terror, 1775—94. Napoleon's campaigns. 

12e Election of 1808. If Parties — Federalist and Democratic-Re- 
publican 2f Issues. 13e Other events of this administration. 

8d MADISON'S Administrations, 

D?mocratic-R p-iblican : 1809—1817. "The True R<:-publican." 

le James Madison 2e Indian war — Tecumseh, Tippecanoe, 
Harrison's treaty 3e Second war with Great Britain — War of 
1812 If ISapoleon's Duplicity. 2fThe President and the Little 
Belt 3f War with France or Eno:land, which? 4f Declaration of 
war — U. S. ill-prepared for war t 5f Election of 1812 6f Naval 
events Ig Loss of the Chesapeake 2o: Other sea figchts. 7f Lead- 
ino- events of the war Ig" Detroit lost 2g Indian war in North- 
west. Sg- Battle of Lake Erie — Perry's victory 4g Events along 
the Niagara river — Battles, towns burned. 5g In the South. 1 h 
With Creek Indians £h Ar New Orleans — Generals Jackson and 
Packenham 6g Capture of Washington 7g British repulse at 
Baltimore 8f Hartford Convention 9f Treaty of Ghent, Belgium 
lOf Leaders — American and British llf Strengthened feeling of 

Nationality t 4e Algiers war t 5e Charter of National Bauk 6e 
Colonization Society — Liberia in Africa TeElection of 1816 Jf 
Parties, Federalists and Democratic-Republican. 2f issues. 3f 
Results 8e Other events of this administration. 

9e A more complete outline of War of 1912 (See next page}. 

2c "Westward Expansion, 1815 — 1850. 
Id The close of a warlike period — "Thirty Years' Peace." 

2d MONEOE'S Administrations. 

Democratic-Republican: 1817—1825. Era of good fe'litig. "Poor but Spotless.'- 

le Era of good feeling 2e Election of 1816 and 1820. 3e On the 
Great Lakes t 4e Monroe's foreign policy If Purchase of Florida, 
85,000,000 2f "The Holy Alliance '' 3f Mouroe doctrine— Spanish 
American Republics 5e Unexpected growth of negro slavery. If 
Westward growth. 2f Keeping the balance. 3f Slavery expected 
to die out. 4f Slavery. 5f Ordinance of 1787. 6f Missouri Compro- 
mise 6e Lafayette's visit 7e States admitted 8e Election of 1824 — 
Candidates all called Republicans If Election decided by House 
of Representatives 1^: Result 9e Other events. 
3d JOHN QUINCY ADAMS'S Administration. 

National Republican : 1825—1829. Tlie oli man eloiu )nt. Walking Vocabulary. 

le Nevv issues. If Internal improvement — Erie canal, etc. 2f 
1811, '12, '16, '17, '18, '19, '20, '21, '23, '24, '26, '28, 



1815 



Helps in' History. 



Eng. William IV H.. 1830—1837. Queen Victoria, H,, 1837 

Test^ct repealed. 1828. Negro Ertiancip?\tion Bill, 1833. Prince Albert. 

AVaT- or 1@1^. 

"The Right of Search." " Free Trade and Sailor's Rights." 

LAND BATTLES. 

NOHTHVTEST. NORTH. E VST. SOUTH. 

Around west end -Niagara. | L, Cham- Chesapeake Bay. - Miss,. Fa., and La. 



of Lake Erie. - a.rmy of i Army of - sailobs, militia. 

ARMY OF THE WEST.- CEXTER. i XOaCH. - 



JACKSON S ARMY. 



1812. 

Browns town 
Surrender of De- 
troit 



- 1812. 



Queenstown 



1813. 1813. 

French town — the - 

River Raisin. - Toronto 
Fort Meigs 

- Sackett's Harbor - 

- Fort George 
Fort Stephenson - 



Thames* 



1813 



Fort Mims 



Crysler's Field 



- Tallahatchee, Tal- 
-[ladega,and Auto=se 



1814. 



1814 



La Colle 



1814, 

Notel, In all the - 
verses for this war - 
and for the Mexi- - 
can war, the word Chippewa 
"and" marks the - Niaeraraor Ludy s 
division into years. - Fort Erie f LLane - 

Note. 2. Give com- - - Bladensburg 

manders, incidents,- - Washington capt. 

and results of each - I Platts- - 

event (See Intro-- j [burg.^- Baltimore (Fort 

duction). - - [McH^nry § 



-1814 

- Emucfan 

- Horseshee Bend— 

(Tohopeka) 



Invasion of Florida 



* Verse. Brown surrendered, and the French met Stephen - 1815 
a t the Thames - New Orleans !| 

t Verse Queenstown and Toronto sacked George's crystals 
and chips of nitre at Erie. % The La Platte. § Bladen washed at Baltimore. 

j Verse. The men tarried, and Emil's horsemen invaded New Orleans. 

"Don't give up the ship." "We have met the enemy and they are ours." 
NAVAL BATTLES. 

1812, Essex and Alert, off New Foundland ; Constitution and Guerriere,off Mass 
Wasp and Frolic, off N. Ca. ; United States and Macedonian, near Canary Island 
Constitution and Java, off San Salvador ; 

1813. Hornet and Peacock, off Demarara; Chesapeake and Shannon, Mass. Bay 
Argus and Pelican, British Channel ; Enterprise and Boxer, off coast of Maine 
Lav.'rcnce and Detroit, Lake Erie 

1814 Essex and Phcebe, Harbor of Valparaiso ; Wasp and Reindeer, near Br. Ch 
1815. Constitution and Levant, off Madeira Is ; Hornet and Penguin, off Brazil* 
* Verse. Essex, an alert, costant guest, was froUicing among State matters 
concerning Java, and a hornet from the Peacock chased Shannon by the argus- 
ryed piUager, entered a box in the law department, and escaped free, but a wasp 
reigned there and consequently leveled the hornet's pensiveness. 

Note. The words here go in pairs, the first word of each standing for our vessel. 



Mexican Wab. 1832 



Napoleon, Emp. 1804-14. Louis XVIIl, 14 & 15-24. Chas.X 24-30. Louis PhiUipe, 30^8 
Wars. Loipsic. Waterloo '15. Three Days' Revolution. The "Citizen Kins:." 

Tariflf Ig Protective tariff, and, "Tariff for revenue only." 2e U. 
S. Bank 3e Difficulties with Creeks t4e Death of Jefferson and 
Adams 5e New division of parties. If Democrats and National 
Republicans. 6e Election of 1828 If Results 7e Other events. 

4d JACKSON'S Administrations. 

Democratic : 1829—1837. Old Hickory. The fighting President. 

le "The spoils system." 2e Rise of Abolitionists. "Nat Tur- 
ner Insurrection." Incendiary Publications t 3e Nullification, 
John C. Calhoun. If Hayue and Webster. 2f Jackson's attitude. 
4e Black Hawk War 5e Election of 1832 If Parties. Ig Anti-Ma- 
son, National Republicans, and Democrats. 6e Nullification de- 
feated — South Carolina, the Compromise Tariff. 7e U. S, bank 
overthrown If Senate's censure — Thomas Benton. 8e Cherokees 
in Georg-ia Indian Territory organized 9e Seminole War, Osce- 
ola lOe \/hia- party formed of National Republican and "States 
rights men." lie Election, 1836. Candidates. 12e States admitted 

5d YAN BUREN'S Administration. 

Democratic : 1837—1841. Tiie first President born after the Revolution. 

le New Era of progress. If The locomotive. 2f Blessings of 
railroads. 3f Effect of steam and Electricity t 4f Ocean traffic and 
other signs of progress. 5f Friction matches. "Locofocos". 6f In- 
ventions t 6f Asylums for the blind, the insane, and the deaf 
mutes t 7f Education, newspaper, literature, and oratory t — 
Temperance reform t 2e Commercial panic of '37, "Pet Banks" t 
If Wild Speculation. 2f Divorce of bank and State.-Sub-treasury 
s^'^stem. 3e Canadian uprising — the Caroline "^ 4e Riots — Aboli- 
tion movement t 5e Election of 1840 If Parties Ig Whig (North- 
ern and Southern whigs combined), Democratic, and Liberty 
Party. 2f Campaign and results. 6e Ocher events. 

6d The HARRISON-TYLER Administration. 

Whig : 1841 — 4845. "Typpecanoe and Tyler too". First Accidental President. 

le Death of Harrison 2e Leading events in Tyler's adminis- 
tration If Breach between Tyler and Clay. 2f Dorr's Rebellion, 
of Anti-Renters. 4f Mormons 5f Webster- Ash burton treaty t 6f 
Oregon question, "Fifty-four forty or fight." At forty-nine in '46. 
7f Controversy over slavery extension. Ig Slavery expansion 
blocked. 2g Abolitionists, Wm. Loyd Garrison, Wendell Philips, 
and Theodore Parker- 8f Eminent writers: Bryant, Irving, 



Date: 1832, '34, '35-'39, '36, '37, '41, '42, '43, Eclectic. 



244, 



1843 Helps in History. 

Eng. Victoria. 1837—^ ~ ~~ """^ 

The First World's Fair, 1851. Sebastopol. The Crimean War, 185S. 

Cooper, Poe, Hawthorne, Whittier, LoDgfellow, Holmes, Pies- 
cot, Emerson. 9f Texas, Independence and annexation t lOf Elec- 
tion of 1844 Ig Parties, Liberty (anti-slavery), Whigs, and Dem- 
ocrats. 2g Results llf Telegraph, Samuel Morse and Joseph 
Henry 1 12f States admitted 13f Other events. 

7d POLK'S Administration. - 

Deraosatic : 1845—1849. The Young Hickory of Democracy. All Oregan or none." 

le States admitted 2e War v/ith Mexico If Cause 2f First 
bloodshed 3e Campaigns — the four designs t 4e Treaty of Guad- 
aloupe Hidalgo, Terms of peac^ t 5e New territory acquired, The 
Wilmot Proviso If California Ig Golddisoovered 2g Vigilance 
committees. 6e Oregon t Sub-treasury t Polk's success t Inven- 
tions t Postage t 7e Election of 1&48 If Parties Ig Democrats, 
Whigs, and Free Soil (composed of Anti-Slavery Democrats, 
Anti-Slavery Whigs, and Abolitionists). 8e Wisconsin admitted 

3c Slavery and Secession, 1850 — 1865. 

Id The TATLOR-FILLMOEE Administration. 

Whig : 1849— 1853. "Old Rough and Ready." Sjcoad Accidental President.' 

le Admission of California If Questions before congress 2f 
Compromise of 1850, the Omnibus Bill — Henry Clay 1°^ Califor- 
nia admitted 2g Fugitive Slave Law, Webster. 2e Taylor^s death 
3e Millard Fillmore. 4e Filli busters invade Cuba, Lopez 5e 
Louis Kossuth's visit 6e Election of 1852 If Parties — Whigs, 
Democrats, and Free Soil. 2f Result 7e Other events. 

2d PIEECE'S Administration. 

Democratic: 1853—1857. "Tiie Yankee President." Popular Sovereignty. 

le Pacific Railroad route 2e Gadsden Purchase, $10,000,000 
3e Slavery question uppermost. If Uncle Tom's Cabin. 2f Filli- 
busters in Central America, Walker 3f Ostend Manifesto. 4f 
Deaths, World's Fair, and Treaty with Japan 3e Martin Kosta 
affair 4e Kansas-Nebraska Bill, Stephen A. Douglas If Squat- 
ter Sovereignty. 2f '• Anti-Nebraska men". Republican Party 
(Anti-Slavery men from all the old parties) — "Black Republi- 
cans. '^ 4e Fight for Kansas, civil war. 5e In congress — Charles 
Sumner and Preston Brooks. 6e Know-Nothing Party, Devel- 
oped into American Party. 7e Election of 1856. If Parties: Amer- 
ican, Democrat, and Republican. 2f Results. 8e Other events. 

Dates: 1844, '45, ' 46, '48, '50, '51, '52, '53, '54. 



Mexican War. 



1748 



Prance, Louis Napoleon, 1848—1852, 
Second Republic. 



National Assembly dissolved. 



In Rio Geande 

Valley, 

army of occupa- 
TION, -Taylor. 

(At Corpus Christa.) 
1846. 

To Point Isabel 
First Bloodshed 
Fort Brown 
Palo Alto 

Resaca de la Palma 
Declaration of war 
Matamoras 



Monterey 



Saltillo 
1847. 

Buena Vista * 



*At Fort Brown, 
a pale rascal 
matched Monterey 
with Saltillo and f 
Buena Vista, 

f Notice that the 
conjunction "and" 
is tised to separate 
the years. 



% Scott, though 
very certain of the 
conflict Saturday, 
couldn't move the 
cars from Puebla. 



1846 and 1847. 



In Mexico. 

ARMY OF center. 

—Scott. 



1846 



1847 



Vera Cruz 
Cerro Gordo 
(To Jalapa, Puebla, 
and on through the 
Cordilleras into the 
Valley of Mexico.) 

Contreras 
San Antonio 
Churubusco, Santa 
Ann's reserves. 

Molino del Rey 
[and Casa de Mata 

Chapultepec 

(Into Itie City of 
Mexico.) 

Puebla (Huaraant- 

1848 la.)$ 

Treaty— Terms. 



In North Mexican Provinces. 



ARMY OP THE WEST 

— Kearney. 



1846 



From Ft. Leaven- 
worth 



To 

Santa Fe 

(and to the Pacific 
Coast and assisted 
in battle of San 
Gabriel. )§ 
Col. Doniphan 
(with most of Kear- 
ney's *",roups) 
From Santa Fe to 

Bracito, and to 
1847 



Sacramento Creek]] 

(and joins General 
Wool) 



§ Kearney, from Ft. 
Leavenworth to 
Santa Fe and to 
California. 

]j ('ol. Doniphan, 
from Santa Fe to 
Bracito and to Sac- 
ramento Creek. 



CAL. militia and 
GUNBOATS. 

— Fremont, Sloat 
and Stockton. 
1846 



Fremont's victo- 
ries, Sanoma, etc 
Monterey, Sloat. 
San Diego, Stock- 
Los Angelos [ton. 



1847 
San Gabriellf 



1[ Fremont in 
California, Sloat 
at Monterey, but 
all at Los Ange- 
los and San Ga- 
briel. 



1861 Helps in History. 

Eng. Victoria, 1837-^^ ~~" 

Growth of ihe British Empire in the East. 

3d BUCHANAN'S Administration. 

Democratic: 1857—1861. The Bachelor President. 

le A situation full of dang-er. If Policy of the Southern Lead- 
ers, 2fDred Scott case, Decision. 3f Slave-trade resumed. 4f A 
slave constitution, the "La Compton Constitutiou". Ig "Results 
2e Mormon Rebellion in Utah If Personal Liberty bills 2f Tele- 
graph cable '58 3f Paraguay troubles 4f Oregon admitted 3e 
Gold; Silver; Oil fields t 4e Abraham Lincoln. 5e Great debate, 
Lincoln and Douglas. 6e Differences past healing. If John 
Brown's raid, Harper's Ferry 7e Election of 1860 If Democratic 
Party divided. 2f Parties: Republican, Northern Democrats, 
Southern Democrats, and Constitutional Union (the remnant of 
whigs and know-nothings). 3f Lincoln elected 8e South Caroli- 
na secedes Other states* Formation of Southern Confedera- 
acy, "The Confederate States of xVmerica" Jefferson Davis and 
Alexander II. Stevens 9e The "one man needed". lOe Peace Con- 
ference t lie Inaction at the North t 12e Fort Sumter, The Star 
of the West 1 13e Other events. 
4d LINCOLN'S Administration. 

Repubiicm : 18S1 — 1855. Hoaesi" Vb>. Tae Hailsplittsr. Father of Emancipation. 

lo The Great Civil Wa^ 2e A survey of the situation. If 
Changes of seventy'' years, Contrast between North and South. 
2f South disappointed, Expected aid from (a) all slave states; (b) 
Northern Democrats, the "Copperheads"; (c) France and Eng- , 
land. Ig The Blockade. 3e Opening events. If Fort Sumter, fall 
and effect 2t' First bloodshed 3f Volunteering. 4f The border 
States. 5f Affairs in Missouri 6f Bull Run 7f Trent affair, Mason 
and Slidell 8f Confederate cruisers. 4e Revolution in naval war- 
fare If Merrimac. 2f Monitor, Captain .John Ericsson. 5e Battle 
of the Ironclads 6e COiifederate lines of defense in Southwest. 
If Forts Henry and Donelson, "Unconditional Surrender Grant" 
2f Shiloh 3f Capture of New Orleans. 7e McClellan in Va. If Ad- 
vance against Richmond. 2f Fair Oaks. 3f Jackson in the Shen- 
andoah. 4f Seven Days Battle. 5f Second battle of Bull Run. 6f 
Anteitam. 8e Emancipation Proclamation 11 A war measure. 2f 
Effect, "(Contrabands", 9e Prisoners of war. f lOe Western Qam- 
paigBS in latter part of '62. If Vicksburg invested, lie Sioux 
war 12e Reser ves in the East. 13e Turning of the tide. If Gettys- 

* To name tlio 11 socodinff States, be jln with Virciuia and name tlie State* 
borlering on the Atlantic and the Gull', and then add Arkausaj and TonnesseCr 



Fhe Civil Wak. 1863 



France. Napoleon 111, 1852— 1870. 
i Second Empire. AUianco with Italy.— Austro-Sardinian War, 1859 — 1860. 

burg. 2fVicksbarg captured. 14e Campaign in Tennessee. If 
Chickamauga. 2f (Jhattanooga loe Raids t Privateers on sea t 
168 Gen. Grant in Va. If Made Lieutenant-General. 2f Operations 
]7e Plans to raise revenue t 'Greenbacks" and small notes. 
Premium on gold. 18e Finances in the South: 19e Conscriptions, 
Xorth and Soath (Drafts). 20e Election of 1864. If Parties, Re- 
publicans (or ISTational Union Part3^), Democrats. 2f Results 21e 
Nashville. 22e Sherman's March to the Sea. If March through 
Georgia. 23e Peace negotiations t 24e End of the war. If Lee's 
surrender at Appomattox. 2f Johnson's surrender to Sherman. 
:"5e Assassination of Lincoln, April 14, '65, If The Conspiracy, 
John Wilkes Booth. 260 Andrew Johnson becomes President. 
27e Mis'tella.ieous, If Moral effect of the war t 2f Sanitary and 
Christian Commission. 30e States admitted. 28e Other events. 
29e A more complete outline of the 

Gri'esit Oi"vil "Wsiir*^ 

This is a nation and not a league — Andrew Jackson. 

If Causes Ig Renaote Ih General li Different Constructions put upon Fed- 
■pral Constitution, North and Sou til 2i Different systems of labor, North and 
South 2h Particular, li Impetus given to slavery by invention of Cotton Gin, 
1793 2i Missouri Compromise, 1820 3i Nullification Act, 1832 4i Annexation of Tex- 
as, 1845 5i Fugitive Slave Law, 1851 6i Lack of intarcourse North and Louth 7e 
Publication of sectional books 2g Immediate Ih Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 1854 2h- 
Kansas troubles, 1855 3h Dred Scott Decision, 1857 4h John Brown's Raid, 1859 5h 
Demagogism in 1860 Sh Election of Northern man for President, 1860 7h Secession 
of South Carolina, 18S0 8h Organization of Southern Confederacy, 1861 9h Sum- 
te fired on. 1861, 

2f Events of the war. 

In The West. In The East. 

18S1. 1861. 

Missouri Campaign. Fort Sumpter, 4-12; Baltimore Mob, 

Camp Jackson; Boonville, 6; Car- 4-19; Big Bethel, 6, 

thage, 7 ;* Wilson's Creek, 8 ; Lex- ^est Virginia Campaign,^: 

ington, 9 ; Bellmont, ll.f Phillipi, 6 ; Rich Mountain, 7 ; Car- 

rick's Ford, 7; Carnifex Ferry, 8; 

Cheat Mountain, 9. 



Note. The months are given for com- pi^st Campaign Against Richmond, 
parison, not for committing. Romney, 6 ; Centreville, 7 ; 1st Bull 

* Jack Boon-Car. f Will Lex-Bell. Run, 7. 

4: Phil Rich can't cheat. Balls Bluff, 10. 



Naval Events : Hatteras, 8 ; Port Royal, 11 ; The Trent Affair, 11 ; The Sumpter' 



'57, '58, '60, '61-Feb. 4 and 8, Jan. 1, '63, April 9, '65. 



1865 



Helps in Histoey. 



l^ng. 



Queen Yictoria, 1837- 
Disraeli. 



Dismemberment of the Irish Church, 1871. 



1362. Ix The West. 

Big Sandy 1, Mill Spring 1, Fort 
Ilenry 2, Fort Donclson 2, Pea Ridge 
(Ark.) 2, Shiloh 4, Island No. 10 4.* 

Bragsr's Invasion : Richmond (Ky) 
8, Mumfordsville 9, Perryvillo 10. 

luka 9, Corinth 5 and 10, Holly 
springs, Chickasaw Bayou. f 



* Vltsc. Sandy and Mill Henry don't 
ridicule so now. 

t Bragg, after Rich-Mond-Ville, luka's 
cold springs sav\^ 

$ York will now fairly owe me again 
for saving the white glen over the hill. 

§ Cedar runs Chantilly south for an- 
tagonizing Fred. 



1852. Ix The East. 

First Yalley Campaign : Front Royal, 
Cross Keys 6, Port Republic 6. 

Second Campaign against Richmond, — 

The Peninsular Campaign: YorktownS, 
Williamsburg 5, Norfolk, P'air Oaks 6. 
Oak Grove, Mechanicsville, Gaines's 
Mill, Savage's Station, White Oak 
Swamp, Glendalc cr Frazicr's Farm 
Malvern Hill 7.i 

Lee's First Invasion : Cedar Mountain 8, 
2nd Bull Run 8. Chantilly 9, Soutli 
Mountain 9. Harper's Ferry 9, Antie- 
tam 9, Fredericksburg 12.§ 



Naval Evexts : Roanoke 2. Monitor and Merrimac 3, Newbern 3, Pulaski 4. 

Fts. Jackson and St. Philip 4, Beaufort 4, New Orleans. [Memphis. 

Ycrse. Row the Monitor to Newbern, pulling Jackson through beautiful New 

1353^ 

Murfreesbofo 1, Arkansas Post 1. 
Yicksburg Campaign ; Port Gibson 5 
Raj^mond 5, Jackson 5, Champion Hills 
5, Black River 5, Assault, Siege 5, Sur- 
render 7, Port Hudson, 7.!| 
Raids : Grierson's, Morgan's. Chick- 
amauga 9, Lookout Mountain 11, Mis- 
sionary Ridge 11, Knoxville 12.*' 



1863. 

Chancellorsville 5. 
Lee's Second Invasion : 



Gettysburg 7. 



ii Miir-Ar-Yick purposely ran Jack's 
champion back against Sir Hudson, 

■^ Red chickens ! Look out. Miss Knox I 

Natal Events : Galveston 1, Siege of 
Charleston. Ft. Wagner 9, Blockade. 



1864. 

Red River Campaign : Ft. de Russy 3, 

Alexandria, Natchitoches, Mansfield 

4, Pleasant Hill 4, Retreat. 

Forest's Raid : Ft. Anderson, Fort Pil- 
low 4. 

Atlantic Campaign and March to Sea: 
Dalton, Resaca 5, Dallas 5. Lost Mt. 
6, Kenesaw 6, Hood's Assault 7, Siege 
of Atlanta. Capture of Atlanta 9. 
[March to the Sea]— Ft. McAllister 12, 
Savannah 12. 

Hood's Invasion: Franklin 11, Nash- 
ville 12. Retreat. 



1854. 

Third Campaign Against Richmond: — 
Wilderness 5, Spottsylvania 5, Cold 
Harbor 6, Siege of Petersburg and 
Richmond.** 

Second Valley Campaign : New Market 
5, Piedmont, Monocacy 7, Chambers- 
burg 7, Winchester 9, Fisher's Hill 9, 
Cedar Creek lO.ft 



§§ Verse. 
Ilil Verse. 



** Verse. The wilderness spotted cold 
Petersburg and Richmond. 

ft Verse. The newly paid money of 
Chambersburg wins Fisher's Creek. 

Ruddy Alexander naturely managed the pleasant retreat. 
Dalt-Rc-Dal lost Kate's hood in the siege of Atlanta or Savannah. 
Naval Events : Kearsarge and Alabama 6, Mobile Bay 8. 

1865. 

4th, or Final Cam. Against Richmond : 
Waynesboro 2, Ft. Steadman 3, Five 
Forks 4, Evacuation of Richmond and 
Lee's Retreat— Deatonsville 4, Farm- 
vile 4, Appommattox Surrender 4-9.:}:$ 



1865. 

Sherman's Northward, or Final, Cam- 
paign : C'olumbia 2, Charleston 2, Fay- 
etteville 3, Averasborough 3, Bentou- 
ville 3, Johnson's Surrender 4, 26. 

Verse, slicrman could charge Fay- 
ettoville, averting Ben Joh nson. 
Naval Events: ♦'ort Fisher 1, Wil- 
mington. 



XX Verse. The way Steadman foraged 
near Richmond let the dear farm sur- 
render. 



Eeconstruction. 1876 



France. Napoleon ill. 1852—1870. 

Second Empire. Franco-Prussian War, 1870. 

4:0 Recent Events, 1865—189— 
Id JOHNSON'S Administration. 

Republican : 1855— 1839. Third Accidental President. 

le Federal army after the war. 2e Treatment of Confederate 
prisoners 3e Character of the war. 4e Two things settled, 5e 
Cost of war in money and lives. 6e Era. of Reconstruction. 
If President Johnson's views. 2f Provisional government in the 
South t 3f The President and Congress t 4f Thirteenth amend- 
ment 5f Further guarantees. Ig Freedman's Bureau. 2g Civil 
Rights bill. 3g Iron-clad oath. 4g Reconstruction acts t 6f States 
reconstructed, "Cir pet-baggers." 7f President impeached Ig 
Tenure of Office bill. 7e France in Mexico — Maximiiiian , 61 — 
67. 8e Alaska purchased, $7,200,000 9o Permaraent Atlantic ca- 
ble lOe Election of 1868, Va., Miss . and Texas not voting. If 
Parties: Republican and Democrats. 2f Result lie Pres. John- 
son's Amnesty Proclamation, 12e States admitted 

2d GE ANT'S Administration. 

R?publican : 1869—1877. Silent President. The Atlantic wedded to the Pacific. 
■"Bright on our banner of lily and rose, Lo ! the last sun of our century sets." 

le Progress of country. If Census Manufactures Union Pa- 
cific Railroad 69 Schools Traveling, etc. 2f Our great writers 
— Longfellow, Whittier, Holmes, Lowell, Motley, Parkman. 2e 
Grant's Indian Peace Policy or "Quaker Policy'' t 3e Expatria- 
tion; Chinese treaty; San Domingo t 4e Congress's work t If 
Civil Rights bill t 2f Election act t 3f Enforcement Act or Force 
Bill t 4f Weather Bureau t 5e Alabama claims If Treaty of 
Washington, "Boundary dispute," Geneva arbitration, $15,- 
500,000 6e Fifteenth amendment 7e Carpet-bag governments, 
"Ku Klux Klan". 8e Returning boards. 9e Amnesty bill. lOe 
Chicago and Boston fires lie Election of 1872 If Civil Service re- 
form 2f Parties, Republicans and Liberal Republicans (whose 
candidate, Horace Greeley, the Democrats accepted). 3f Grant 
re-elected 12e Credit Mobelier investigation "Franking" abol- 
ished. Salary grab t 13e Panic of 73 If Cause and efTect. 14e 
Centennial Exhibition 15e Indian wars If Modoc Ig Cause, 
events, and results 2f Sioux Ig Cause, events, and results, Gen. 
Custer 16e Whisky frauds t Resumption Act t 17e Election of 



Dates: 1865, '66, '65, '68, '69, '72, 73, '76. 



1889 Helps in Histoey, 

Eng. Victoria, 1837 Empress of India 

Gladstone. Suez Canal. 1874. English in Egypt, 1882. Reform BiUof 1884 ' 

76 If Parties: Republicans, Democrats, National Greenback, 
and ISTatioiial ProhibitioLi. 2f Double returns 3f Electoral Com- 
mission 4f Hayes elected i8e States admitted. 
3d HAYES'S Administration, 

Republican : 1877 — 1831. H(^ serves iiir, p.jrvy best, who serves his countrj' best. 

le 'Nez Perce war 2e Halifax fir-herj" Commisson 3e Important 
measures of finance. If Bland Silver bill; 78 — Silver demonetized 
2f Specie payment 4e Railroad strikes 77 5e Yellow fever in the 
South t Mississippi jetties t 7e Election of 80 If Parties 2f Result 

4d The GAKFIELD-AETHUE Administration. 

Republican : 1881—1885. The Teacher President, F^mrth Accidental. 

le Disposal of offices 2e Assassinatio.i of Garfield by Guiteau 
Arthur becomes President 3e Anti-Polviramy bill t 4e Missis- 
sippi floods t 5e Civil Service act t 7e Tariff' revision t 7e Brook- 
lyn bridge t 8e Standard time t 9e Washing"ton monument t lOe 
Yorktown Celebration t He Industrial exhibitions If Atlanta 
2f New Orleans 12e Political and social condition of South t 13e 
Election of '84 If Parties. Republicans, Deraocrats, Prohibition, 
and the Anti-Monopoly Greenback,Labor and People's Party — 
four condidates. 2f Eesult 

5d CLEVELAND'S First Administration. 

Democratic : 1885—1889. The Vetoing President. 

le Tariff question prominent again. If Various measures. Ig' 
Walker tariff of '46 t 2g Tarifl' of '57. 3g Morrill tarifiT of '61. 4g 
Revision under Cleveland — Mill's Bill. 2e Grant's death. 3e 
Presidential Succession bill.*4e Miscellaneous. If Labor troubles 
and Knights of Labor, Strikes t Anarchist riot in Chicago t 2f 
Charleston earthquake t 3f Statue of Liberty t 6e Interstate 
Commerce act t 7e Chinese Exclusion act t 8e The Surplus t 9e 
Election of '88 If Parties: Republican, Democrat, Prohibition, 
and United Labor t 

6d HARBISON'S Administration. 

Republican : 1889—1893. 

le Principal events. If Oklahoma, April 22, '89 t 2f Wash- 
ington celebration t 3f Johnstown flood t 4f Admission of States, 
North and South Dakota, Montana, and Washington, 89; Idaho 
and Wyoming, '90. 5f Pan-American Congress t 6f Filibustering 
in Congress— Quorum 1 7f McKinley tariff of '90 t 8f Reciprocity t 

* The word "Stwapnia" gives the initials of the cabinet offices. 

Dates: 1877, '78, '81, '32, '83 '84, '85, 86, '90, 92, '93, '96, 



General Review — Miscellaneous. 1S92 

France. Theirs, President, 1871— '73. McMahon, President, 1873— '79. 

Third Republic. The Conim une. The steady growth of the Republic. 

Pension bill t 9f Force bill t lOf Census, 62,000,000 people llf 
Republican defeat in '90 Farmers Alliance t 12f Congress in '90 
and '91 Bills t Ig Against lottery 2g For inspection of salt-pork 
Sg Increase of nav3'' 4gModifying Interstate Commerce Act 6g 
Sherman Act. modifying Bland Act of '78 6g For International 
exhibition, the World's Fair t 7g International Copyright t 13f 
Difficulty with Italy 1 14f Trouble with Chili t 15fe Bering Sea 
seals t 16f Ballot reform, Australian t 17f Homestead Labor 
troubles t 18f Dedication of Columbian Exposition tl9f Election 
7d CLEVELAND'S Second Administration. 

Democratic: 1893 

le Inauguration t 2e Bering Sea Case. 3e Extra session of 
Congress, Currency. If Sherman Act '90 modified. 4e Tariff re- 
modeled. 5e Hawaii t 6e Columbian Exposition closed, 7e Con- 
gress 1894—95. 8e Crop failures and financial depression. 9e The 
Monroe Doctrine prominent again. If President's message. 2fThe 
British- Venezuela boundary line. lOe Congress 1895 — 6. If Im- 
portant measures passed or discussed He Later events — 

5c Economic, Social, and Literary Condition. 

Id Interstate emigration; Foreign immigration; Colonization t 
2d Urban population t 3d Irrigatioii; Forest reservations t 4d 
Natural gas t od Inventions; Transportation; Inland Commerce t 
6d TheNew South; the Pacific coast t 7d Education t 8d Libra- 
ries; Associations t 9d Literature t 

6c General view of U. S. history. 

Id Retrospective and Prospective. 



7c I^evie^v. 

Id Presidents o£ the U. S. 

Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Adams, 
Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison, Tyler, Polk, Taylor, Fillmore, 
Pierce, Buchanan, Lincoln, Johnson, Grant, Hayes, Garfield, 
Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland. 

Yerse. — With a just motive Mr. Andrew Jackson ventured, 
however, to pursue those firm principles before letting J. G. 
Hayes go after C. H. Cleveland. (Only initial letters used.) 

2d Purchases of U. S. 

Louisiana, 1803, $15,000,000; Florida, 1819, $5,000,000; Mex- 



1893 Helps in Histoey, 

Ens:. Victoria, 1r37 h'jmpress of India* 

Gladstone. Su-^z Canal. 1874. English in E?ypt, 1882. R-^foroi Bill of 1884 • 

icau Cession, 1848, $15,000,000; Gadsden Purchase, 1853, $10,000.- 
000; Alaska, 1867, $7,500,000. 

Verse. — Lou and Florence met Gadsden, in Alaska. 

3d States Admitted into the Uiiicii. 

Vermont, 1691; Kentucky, 1792; Tennessee, 1795; Ohio, 1803; 
Louisiana, 1812; Indiana, 1816; Mississippi, 1817; Illinois, 1818; 
Alabama, 1819; Maine, 1820; Missouri, 18::i; Arkansas, 1836; 
Michigan, 1837; Florida, 1845; Texas, 1845; Iowa, 1846; Wisconsin, 
1848; California, 1850; Minnesota, 1858; Oreg'on, 1959; Kansas, 
1861; West Virg-inia, 1863; IS'evada, 1834; Nebraska, 1867; Colo- 
rado, 1876; North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Wash- 
ington, 1889; Idaho and Wj^oming, 1890, Utah 1896. 

Verse. The very lucky ten in Ohio and Louisiana, indolently 
sipping the ill balm, may mics tlie ark again; for the text I 
v^^ish to inform men on can virtually never necessitate calling 
the Dakotas from the mountains to warn the idolaters and win 

VOU. (ih^ verses on this and the preceding page are given for blackboard r^,- 
4:d A-Cts and Bills vlowsrather taantobeco^nmitted.) 

Navigation Act, 1651; Importation Act, 1733; Stamp Act, 1765; 
Boston Port Bill, 1774; Embargo Act, 1807; Missouri Compro- 
mise, 18:0; Sub- Treasury Bill, 1838; Wilmot Proviso, 1846; Om- 
nibus Bill, 18.50; Kausas-xSTebraska Bill, 1854; Hpe^ie Resump- 
tion Act, 1876; Chinese Exclusion Act. 1880 and '88; Interstate 
Commerce Act, 1887; McKinley Tariff Bill, 1890. 

The knave impatiently stamped on the Boston Embargo, but 
the miserable subject will omuiously necessitate resuming an 
exclusively commercial tariff'. 

5d E-ebellions and Insurrections. 

Clayborne's Rebellion, 1634, '45, and '54; Bacon's Rebellion, 

1676; Culpepper's Insurrection, 1676; Leisler's Insurrection, 1688; 

Shay's Rebellion, 1786; Whiskey Insurrection, 1794; Burr's 

Conspiracy, 1806; Brown's Insurrection, 1859; Rebellion, 1861; 

Railroad Strike, 1877. 

Verse. Clay baked curls like Shay's whittlings and burns 
brown readily. 

6d Treaties of Interest, 
Ryswick, 1697; Utrecht, 1713; Alx-la-Chapelle, 1748; Paris, 
1763; Versailes, 1783; Algiers, 1795; With France, 1800; Ghent, 
1814; Webster-Ashburton, 1842; Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848: 
Perry's Treaty with Japan, 1854; Bering Sea Treaty, 1891. 



General Beview — Miscellaneous. 1894 

France. Grevy, President, 1879— '87. Sudi-Carnot, President, 1887— '94. 
Death of the Prince Imperial 1879. 

Verse. Risk Utrecht's aiding the Paris vessels by allowing- 
the French gentlemen to guard the Japan Sea. 

7d Miscellaneous. 
Starving Time *, Salem Witchcraft , Negro Plot , 

Mason and Dixon Line , Boston Massacre , Alien and 

Sedition Laws , Expedition of Lewis and Clark , Mon- 

roe Doctrine , Tariff Question , Smithsonian Institu- 

tion , Discovery of Gold in California , Fugitive Slave 

Law , Lopez Expedition , Dred Scott Decision , 

Alabama Claims , Credit Mobilier Investigation , Fi- 

nancial Crisis , Centennial , Cotton Centennial Expo- 

sition , Presidental Succession Bill , Columbian, or 

World's Fair. (*Let the student fill in the dates.) 

8d First 

Inhabitants, Discovery, Child (Snorri and Virginia Dare), 
Settlement, Book , Slavery , Representative Body 

(House of Burgesses) , Ballot Box , Colleges — Har- 

vard William and Mary Yale , Printing Press 

, Union of Colonies , Paper Money , Newspaper 

, Post Office , Railroad , Telegraph Line , 

Telegrapli Cable 

9d. Inventions and Inventors, 

Lightning Rod, by Franklin in 1752; Cotton Gin, by Whitney 
1798-" Steamboat, by Fulton 1807; Cast Iron Plow, by Wood '19: 
Telegraph, by Morse in '37; Vulcanized Rubber, by Goodyear in 
'39; Sewing Machine, by Howe in '43; Harvesting Machine, by 
McOormick in '45; Telephone, by Bell in '77; Phonograph in 
'77 and Electric Light in '78, by Edison 

90d Noted Persons. 

HiSTOKiAX?;. — Hildreth, Sparks, Motley Lossing, Prescott, 
Irving, Headly, and Bancroft. 

NoveIjTSTS.— Cooper, Hawthorne, Brown, Irving, Mrs, Stowe. 

Pop:ts. — Ilalleck, Willis, Poe, Freneau, Whittier, Longfellow, 
Bryant, Lowell, Emerson, Dana. 

Journalists. — Bryant, Greelsj^ Bennett. 

Sculptors. — Powers, Greenough, Story Hosmer. 

Painters, — West, Stuart, Page Trumbell, Copley, Sully, 
Hovenden. 

OuTiTORS. — Clay, Webster, Everett. Calhoun. Sumner, 



1895 Helps in History, 

Eng. Victoria, 1837 

Troubles in Africa, Venezuela Boundary. 

vtEOGRAPHY. Draw map for the War of 1812. Write names and year of chief 
military events near where they occurred, using different colored pencils to in- 
dicate victories, defeats, and indicisive engagements, and to trace the cam- 
paigns. Do the same for the Mexican War, and for the Civil War, Draw a map 
to show the territorial growth of the CJ. S., appropriately coloring the different 
portions. Also, draw a map to show the adr^ission of States and growth of 
cities. Write within each State the date of its admission and the population 
then and now. Mark the ten largest cities in the order of their population for 
1880 and 1890. On these maps locate the Indian wars and every place of interest. 



Additional Topics and Review Qustions, 

And Sug-gestions for Stimulating* Thoug-ht. 



Give date of Washingtoo's first inauguration. Name the pres- 
idents that have served two terms in office. Name those that 
died in office. Who assassinated President Lincoln? Garfield? 
When? Who is now chief justice of the U. S.? Give causes of 
the second war with Euglaud. When, where, and by whom 
was the battle of Tippecanoe fought? Give an account of Hull's 
surrender of Detroit. Give verses and events of the War of 
1812. Of Mexican War. What was the "Monroe Doctrine"? 
What occasioned the great debate between Hayne and Webster 
in 1832? How many and what States passed secession ordinan- 
ces? Which one took the lead? When? Give the history of 
the Southern Confederacy. Give causes of the Civil War; the 
verses and events of this war. Who were Mason and Slidell? 
What was the Emancipation Proclamation? Give purchases of 
U. S. and cost of each; States admitted into Union; Rebellions 
and Insurrections; wars of United States; treaties; inventions 
and inventors; novelists, historians, poets, journalists, orators, 
statesmen, sculptors, and painters; important acts and bills; 
presidents in chronological order. What is meant by civil ser- 
vice reform? Western reserve? "Palace in the Wilderness"? 
Give an a«;count of the Greeley expedition. Who said "To the 
victors belong the spoils"? How often and when does Congress 
meet? Who is president of the Senate? Speaker of the House of 
Representatives? Governor of your State? What is the mean- 
ing of E Pluribus Unum? Wlio administers the oath of office to 
the President? What officer in our government is known as the 
'cipher officer".-^ What is meant by the "City of the Dead".-' 



Eeview Questions. 1898 

Prance. Casimier-Perier, President, 1894-1895. 
Felix Faure, President, 1895 

"Uncle Tom's Cabin"? "Star Route''? "Joint High Commis- 
sion"? "Cheese box on a raft"? "Acadia"? "Dixie"? "Associ- 
ated Press"? "Grand Army of the Republic"? "Murder in the 
first degree? second? third?" "He has gone up Salt River"? 
"Filibusters"? "Abolitionists"? "Cincinnatus of the West"? 
"Latter Day Saints"? "Mason and Dixon's Line"? Tell what 
you can of Daniel Boone; Kit Carson: Jefferson Davis; Walker, 
the filibuster. For what did Elisha Kent Kane search? Name 
others that did the same. Name the important patriotic songs 
and give their authors. How much salary did President Grant 
draw? Who is commander-in-chief of our army? general? De- 
scribe the Confederate flag. Who said "Go west, young man"? 
"With malice toward none, with charity for all"? Who stop- 
ped to kiss a slave cbild on bis way to execution"? John Brown, 
at Harper's Ferry. When do we hold our National election? 
What State was on^e an independent Republic? Can you de- 
scribe the great seal of the U. S.? Has the U. S. ever been out 
of debt? Why are criminals hung on Friday? In which state 
are the counties called parishes? Louisiana. How many Chief 
Justices have we had? Where is the U. S. military acadamy? 
Naval? Give the number of U. S. Senators. Representatives. 
What President was the son of a President? How many men 
were called for during the Civil War? Write a short historic 
sketch of your state. Who issued the first National Thanks- 
giving Proclamation? Abraham Lincoln. Does a Territory have 
a legislature? Give an account of the duel between Burr and 
Hamilton. What is the length of a term of Congress? How de- 
termine the year in which a given Congress was in session? 
Double the Congress, add 1789, and you have the year in which 

the Congress closed. How is the number of a Congress deter- 
mined? Take the given year, subtract 1789, and divide the re- 
mainder by 2 if even, but if odd, add 1 and then divide. Write 
a list of fifty questions on this period not given in this place. 



DraWlDg. Make a picture of a sewing machine ; an open fireplace and a 
Franklin stove; a mondern heating stove and a furnace; a candle and a lamp; 
a gas light and an electric light; a harvester's cradle and a modern reaper; a 
-flail and a modern thresher ; a stage-coach and the first locomotive and cars ; a 
m.odern locomotive and cars ; an early steamboat and a modern steamer ; a flint 
lock and a modern rifle ; an early hand printing press and a modern newspaper- 
printing press ; a telegraph instrument and a telephone ; the Brooklyn bridge. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




011 528 339 A 



